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Planet Earth > Exam 2 Study Guide > Flashcards

Exam 2 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What is a stream?

A

Any flowing water, no matter how big or small it is

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2
Q

What does fluvial mean?

A

Stream related processes and landforms

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3
Q

Where does unchanneled flow occur?

A

Outside of the stream banks

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4
Q

Where does channeled flow occur?

A

Within the stream banks

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5
Q

During rainfall, what is infiltration?

A

Where water goes into the ground where it hits

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6
Q

During rainfall, what is percolation?

A

The movement of water through the soil itself

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7
Q

During rainfall, what is interflow?

A

The movement of water below the soil surface towards a stream channel

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8
Q

During rainfall, what is baseflow?

A

The portion of a stream’s flow that comes from ground water, rather than the direct runoff from rain fall

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9
Q

During rainfall, what is surface runoff?

A

The water that flows over the lands surface during rainfall, snowmelt, or other sources

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10
Q

What is low-runoff collation?

A

When the rain hits and soaks in (grass)

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11
Q

What is high-runoff collation?

A

When the rain doesn’t soak in when it hits and runs off (Asphalt)

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12
Q

What is a Drainage Divide?

A

An area that collects water for a particular stream

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13
Q

What is a perennial stream?

A

A stream that is always flowing except in a drought

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14
Q

What is a intermittent stream?

A

A stream that flows seasonally or during abnormally wet times

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15
Q

What is a ephemeral stream?

A

A stream that only flows after rain or during spring melt

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16
Q

In fluvial processes, what is erosion?

A

Picking up of sediment

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17
Q

In fluvial processes, what is transportation?

A

Moving sediment

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18
Q

In fluvial processes, what is deposition?

A

Putting down sediment

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19
Q

In fluvial processes, what is the load?

A

The amount of sediment the stream is carrying

20
Q

In stream erosion, what is hydraulic action?

A

The density of water

21
Q

In stream erosion, what is abrasion?

A

The debris in the water

22
Q

In stream erosion, what is corrosion?

A

The chemistry of the water dissolves material

23
Q

In stream erosion, what is cavitation?

A

The erosion by implosion of small air bubbles

24
Q

How do you calculate stream discharge?

A

Q = width * depth * velocity

25
Q

What is the solution load?

A

Load that dissolves into the water

25
Q

What is stream discharge?

A

The volume passing a point in a given unit of time

26
Q

What is the suspended load?

A

Load that never settles into the water

27
Q

What is the bed load?

A

Load that is rolling around on the bottom of a river

28
Q

What is capacity?

A

Reflects the potential volume of sediment transported by a stream and is controlled by discharge and flow velocity

29
Q

What is competence?

A

Measures the maximum size of clast that can be transported by a stream and is related to flow velocity and discharge

30
Q

What is stream deposition?

A

When a stream slows down and the water either evaporates or sinks into the ground

31
Q

What is deposited material called?

A

Alluvium

32
Q

The faster the stream velocity equals?

A

The more capacity or competence it has

33
Q

What happens when a stream speeds up?

A

It increases its load carrying power

34
Q

What happens when a stream slows down?

A

It decreases its load carrying power

35
Q

What is the flood plane?

A

The flat area on each side of a stream

36
Q

What is a thalweg?

A

Where the fastest water flow in the stream is located

37
Q

What determines where the pools, mid channel bars, and riffles/nickpoints are located?

A

Thalweg’s

38
Q

What is a alluvial fan?

A

A fan-shaped accumulation of sediment that forms when a river or stream deposits sand, gravel, silt, boulders, and woody debris over time

39
Q

What is a meandering stream?

A

Stream channel that develops a sinuous form across the landscape

40
Q

What is a cut bank?

A

The outer portion of a meandering stream where erosion takes place

41
Q

What is a point bar?

A

The inner portion of a meandering stream where deposition takes place

42
Q

What is a oxbow lake?

A

A meander which becomes separated from the stream

43
Q

What is a terrace?

A

It is developed when the base level of a flood plain is lowered, and the river begins down cutting through the old flood plains

44
Q

What is a mid-channel (mid-stream) bar?

A

A elevated region of deposited sediment with flowing water on all sides

45
Q

What is a nickpoint?

A

An abrupt steepening of the gradient of a stream, causing ripples, rapids, or water falls

Planet Earth (1 decks)

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