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Advanced Pharm > Exam 2 Study Guide > Flashcards

Exam 2 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

list the SNS effects on the body

A

“fight or flight”

continuously stimulated

increased HR
increased BP
bronchiolar dilation
shunts blood to needed vessels

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2
Q

list parasympathetic NS effects on body

A

“rest & digest”

slows HR
lowers BP
bronchoconstriction
effects short lived; PNS brings us back to homeostasis and shuts off response

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3
Q

what are sympathomimetics?

A

drugs that mimic the SNS response in the body

direct or indirect

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4
Q

give examples of direct acting sympathomimetics

A

epinephrine
isoproterenol
albuterol

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5
Q

give examples of indirect acting sympathomimetics

A

ephedrine
amphetamines

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6
Q

how do indirect acting sympathomietics work?

A

direct acting drugs don’t bind to the receptors

they work by** blocking reuptake** of NE, or reverse the direction of the NET (norepi transporter)

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7
Q

which receptors do sympathomimetics work on?

A

alpha
beta

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8
Q

what are sympatholytics (sympathoplegics)?

A

drugs that inhibit the SNS response in the body

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9
Q

which receptors do sympatholytics work on?

A

alpha
beta
mixed (nonspecific)

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10
Q

which receptors do the parasympathetic NS work on?

A

muscarinic
nicotinic
alpha
beta

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11
Q

what are the two subdivisions of drug classes that work on the parasympathetic NS

A
  1. cholinomimetics
  2. anticholinergics
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12
Q

what are cholinomimetics?

A

these drugs mimic the effects of ACh (-choline)

two classes:
1. direct acting
2. indirect acting

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13
Q

what do direct acting cholinomimetics do?

A

direct acting: binds to the receptor site and stimulates the receptor

these are agonist drugs

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13
Q

what are the two subclasses of direct acting cholinomimetics?

A
  1. choline esters
  2. alkaloids
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14
Q

what are examples of direct acting choline esters?

A
  1. ACh
  2. methacholine
  3. succinylcholine

-choline drugs

these are hydrophilic drugs d/t charged amine group (N+)

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15
Q

what are some examples of direct acting alkaloids?

A
  1. muscarine
  2. nicotine
  3. pilocarpine
  4. lobeline
  5. arecoline (from betel nut)

good absorption (if they’re uncharged)

16
Q

what are the two types of indirect acting cholinomimetics?

A
  1. irreversible
  2. reversible
17
Q

how do indirect acting cholinomimetics work?

cholinomimetics = parasympathomimetic

A

they are indirect because they bind to the receptor to block AChE from breaking down ACh; this has an overall increase in ACh in the synapse

they function as antagonists

18
Q

what are some irreversible indirect acting cholinomimetics?

A

Sarin nerve gas
organophosphates

19
Q

what makes irreversible indirect acting cholinomimetics irreversible?

A

covalent bonds

20
Q

what are some examples of indirect acting, reversible cholinomimetics?

A

neostigmine
pyridostigmine

-stigmines

21
Q

what are some examples of sympatholytic drugs?

A

alpha blockers
beta blockers

22
Q

name the cholinergic receptors

A
  1. nicotinic
  2. muscarinic

the endogenous ligand for these receptors is ACh

ACh > “choline” > “cholinergic”

23
Q

list the different adrenergic receptors

A

alpha
beta
dopamine

24
Q

differentiate the types of muscarinic receptors

A

M1, M3, M5: excitatory
M2, M4: inhibitory

25
Q

differentiate the types of nicotinic receptors

A

Nn: neuronal

Nm: muscular

26
Q

which NTs bind to the nicotinic receptors?

A
  1. ACh
  2. curare derivatives
27
Q

which NTs bind to the muscarinic receptors?

A
  1. ACh
  2. Atropine
28
Q

what type of signal transduction do nicotinic receptors utilize?

A

ion channels
usually FAST

29
Q

what type of signal transduction do muscarinic receptors utilize?

A

GPCRs
usually SLOW(er) than nicotinic receptors

30
Q

how are M1, M3, and M5 considered “stimulatory”

A

they use the Gq pathway for signal transduction

this is a GPCR that activates phospholipase, which will increase IP3 + DAG

31
Q

how are M2 and M4 considered “inhibitory”

A

these receptors utilize the Gi pathway; these are GPCRs that inhibit adenylate cyclase, which decreases cAMP production

Advanced Pharm (8 decks)

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