exam 2 study guide

Question 1

tertiary circular reaction (12-18)

Answer 1

varying exploration w object systematically
considering the property of objects

Question 2

secondary circular reaction (8-12)

Answer 2

goal-directed behavior: more deliberate or intentional
grasping object permenance

Question 3

beginning of symbolic representation (18-24)

Answer 3

infant can mentally represent ppl or objects
pretend/symbolic play
deferred imitation

Question 4

reflex schema (substage 1)

Answer 4

infants learn how to coordinate reflexes present at birth
initial connection to environment

Question 5

primary circular reactions (1-4 mo)

Answer 5

circular: repeating “pleasurable” actions
primary: directed toward one’s own body

Question 6

babinksi reflex

Answer 6

sole of foot is stroked and big toes curl up

Question 7

moro reflex

Answer 7

when infant is started they will put their hands at their

Question 8

assimilation

Answer 8

using previous knowledge to characterize an object

Question 9

accommodation

Answer 9

having to adjust exploratory actions to an objects novel characteristics

Question 10

primary intersubjectivity

Answer 10

reciprocal interaction btwn infant and caregiver focus is the actual interaction
infants want to connect to others

Question 11

secondary intersubjectivity

Answer 11

focus goes beyond the interaction
ex. social referencing

Question 12

ontogenetic adaption

Answer 12

emotions evolve bc it contributes to survival and normal development
focus is on circumstances in which are expressed and the ways these impact caregivers

Question 13

preattachment

Answer 13

first few weeks of life, infant remains in close contact with caregivers and does not seem to get upset when left alone w an unfamiliar caregiver

Question 14

attachment-in-the-making

Answer 14

infants begin to respond differently to familiar and unfamiliar ppl, and by the time they are 6 or 7 months show clear preferences for their familiar caregivers as well as signs of wariness when confronted with unfamiliar objects and people

Question 15

clear-cut attachment phase

Answer 15

mother becomes a secure base
children display full-blown separation anxiety

Question 16

reciprocal relationship phase

Answer 16

as the child becomes more mobile and spends increasingly greater amts of time away from the mother
reciprocal: share responsibility for maintaining the equilibrium of the attachment

Question 17

perceptual scaffolding

Answer 17

The way in which a familiar word serves as an anchor for learning new words that come immediately before or after it.

Question 18

protoimperatives

Answer 18

to achieve a desired goal

Question 19

pragmatic development

Answer 19

learning the conventions that govern the use of lang in particular social contexts