Exam 2 Study Guide

Question 1

Diffusion

Answer 1

Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration.

Both solute and solvent move.

Question 2

Osmosis

Answer 2

Movement from solvent (water) from high solvent concentration to low solvent concentration.

Only solvent moves.

Question 3

What makes up the plasma membrane?

Answer 3

Lipids (phospholipids and cholesterol)
Proteins
Carbohydrates

Question 4

Why do leaves turn colour in autumn?

Answer 4

Trees get less direct sunlight, and the chlorophyll in the leaves breaks down. The lack of chlorophyll reveals yellow and orange pigments that were already in the leaves but masked during the warmer months.

Question 5

Main pigment in plants that absorbs sunlight?

Answer 5

Chlorophyll.

Question 6

Structure in plant cell made of cellulose?

Answer 6

Cell Wall.

Question 7

Structure of DNA

Answer 7

Sugar phosphate backbone (Double swirly part)
Base Pairs ( Adenine/Thymine & Cytosine/Guanine)

Question 8

Phagocytosis

Answer 8

The process by which a phagocyte (a type of white blood cell) surrounds and destroys foreign substances (such as bacteria) and removes dead cells.

Question 9

Ribosome

Answer 9

Serves as the site for protein synthesis in the cell.

Question 10

Cytoskeleton

Answer 10

Helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization.

Helps create movement and division.

Question 11

In what step of photosynthesis glucose made?

Answer 11

Calvin Cycle (Stage 2)

Question 12

How many chromosomes human have?

Answer 12

46 Total

Question 13

How many ATP are made in aerobic cellular respiration?

Answer 13

38 ATP

Question 14

Molecule of energy in plants

Answer 14

Glucose molecule

Question 15

NADP

Answer 15

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate

Question 16

Fermentation

Answer 16

Metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substrates through the action of enzymes.

Question 17

Mitochondria

Answer 17

Power house of the cell (uses oxygen as energy).

Question 18

Why plants (and chlorophyll) look green?

Answer 18

Chlorophyll does not absorb green wavelength in white light.

Question 19

Lysosome

Answer 19

Break down excess or worn-out cell parts.

Question 20

Chloroplast

Answer 20

Convert light energy into relatively stable chemical energy via the photosynthetic process.

Question 21

In what step of aerobic cellular respiration energy is extracted from sugar?

Answer 21

Glycolysis.

Question 22

In what step of aerobic cellular respiration oxygen is used?

Answer 22

The last step of aerobic respiration (Oxidative phosphorylation).

Question 23

Rough ER

Answer 23

To produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function.

Question 24

Allele

Answer 24

One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

Question 25

Vacuoles

Answer 25

Handle waste products.

Question 26

In what step of aerobic cellular respiration most of the ATP is built?

Answer 26

The 4th stage (Electron Transport Chain).

Question 27

What codons code for?

Answer 27

Amino Acid or Protein-Synthesis.

Question 28

Types of RNA and the function of each:

Answer 28

Messenger RNA (mRNA) : Carries genetic code from DNA in a cell's nucleus to ribosomes.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) : Translate genetic information into protein sequence.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) :  Reading the order of amino acids and linking amino acids together.