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CH3310: Biochemistry I > Exam 2 SP2022 > Flashcards

Exam 2 SP2022 Flashcards

1
Q

Which one of the following is NOT among the six internationally accepted classes of enzyme categories?

A

Kinases

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2
Q

Which of the following is correct concerning 2,3-BPG

A

1 BPG interacts with hemoglobin

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3
Q

The Bohr effect can be best described as

A

Shift to acidic pH stabilizing salt bridges in hemoglobin

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4
Q

Myoglobin has a Hill Coefficient (nH) of ____ at very high O2 levels, meaning it lacks cooperativity at this condition.

A

1

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5
Q

Which of the following is true about hemoglobin when it is traveling from TISSUE to LUNGS

A

CO2 is attached

2,3-BPG is bound

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6
Q

Enzymes are potent catalysts because they

A

bind best to the transition state

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7
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE about a plot of V0 vs. {S} for an enzyme that is at steady-state?

A

[S] at which Vmax = 1/2 V0 equal to Km.

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8
Q

The steady-state assumption, as applied to enzyme kinetics, implies

A

Rate of formation of ES complex is equal to the rate of breakdown of the ES complex

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9
Q

How are kinetics of an enzyme-catalyzed rxn affected by a noncompetitive inhibitor

A

Vmax decreased, Km unchanged

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10
Q

In mixed inhibition, an inhibitor

A

binds only to an allosteric site of an enzyme

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11
Q

Which of the following peptides will be cut apart by chymotrypsin at the indicated position (I)? Assume the N-terminus is on the left side for all peptides/

A

AGCTYIAAGV

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12
Q

Bacteria produce the enzyme ___________; this enzyme reactions with __________

A

B-lactamase; penicillin

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13
Q

Amylopectin contains _______ glycosidic bonds with _______ glycosidic branch points

A

A (1-4); a(1-6)

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14
Q

Any sugar that has a free ketone group is called a(n)

A

Reducing sugar, ketose

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15
Q

Which of the following monosaccharides is not an aldose

A

dihydroxyacetone

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16
Q

When two carbs are epimers

A

They are diastereomers

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17
Q

When fructose is drawn in Haworth projection, a ______ forms at the anomeric carbon

A

hemiketal

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18
Q

Which of the following is heteropolysaccharide

A

hyaluronate

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19
Q

The structure of proteoglycan consists of a core protein and a

A

glycosaminoglycan

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20
Q

Glycosaminoglycans help form the ECM that helps lubricate and serve as a shock absorber for joints. Which of the following chemical properties of these molecules helps with this protective function?

A

Negative charged modified carbohydrates

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21
Q

In glycoproteins, the carbohydrate is attached through which of the following amino acid residues:

A

Serine, asparagine, or threonine

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22
Q

Which of the following is a dominant feature of the outer membrane of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria?

A

lipopolysaccharides

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23
Q

Which of the following sugars would NOT be able to reduce Cu2+ to Cu+ during the Fehling test

A

sucrose

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24
Q

glycogen

A

mainly in the liver and storage form of glucose

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25
Q

amylose

A

part of glucose storage in plants

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26
Q

Hyaluronate

A

Known as the goo molecule

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27
Q

agarose

A

microwaved in lab to get into solution

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28
Q

cellulose

A

B1-4 linked glucose polysaccharide

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29
Q

Peptidoglycan

A

B1-4 linked modified glucose connected to amino acids

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30
Q

Heparin

A

Links antithrombin to thrombin

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31
Q

What are the names of the 3 amino acids in chymotrypsin that are called the catalytic triad? Which one of these acts as a nucleophile to begin hydrolysis of the protein substrate?

A

Histidine
Aspartate
Serine (Nucleophile)

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32
Q

What are the six internationally accepted classes of enzymes?

A
  1. Oxidoreductases - transfer electrons
  2. transferases - group transfer
  3. Hydrolases - hydrolysis
  4. Lyases - elimination
  5. Isomerase - transfer of groups yielding isomers
  6. . Ligases - condensation
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33
Q

Enzymes are potent catalysts because they

A

Lower activation energy from the reactions they catalyze

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34
Q

T/F: S –> P, a catalyst shifts the reaction equilibrium to the right.

A

False

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35
Q

Describe the plot of V0 vs [S] for an enzyme that follows Michaelis-Menten Kinetics

A

As [S] increases, the initial velocity of reaction V0 also increases
Km is [S] at which V0 = 1/2 Vmax
The shape of the curve is a hyperbola
The y-axis is a rate term with units um/min

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36
Q

In terms of enzyme kinetics, the steady-state assumption implies

A

The ES complex is formed and broken down at equivalent rates

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37
Q

In competitive inhibition, an inhibitor

A

binds reversibly at the active site

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38
Q

PMSF inactivated serine proteases by binding covalently to the catalytic serine residue at the active site; this enzyme-inhibitor bond is not cleaved by the enzyme. This is an example of what kind of inhibition?

A

Irreversible

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39
Q

Both water and glucose share an -OH that can serve as a substrate for a reaction with the terminal phosphate of ATP catalyzed by hexokinase. Glucose, however, is about a million times more reactive as a substrate than water. The best explanation is that:

A

Glucose has more –OH groups per molecule than water does.

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40
Q

A transition-state analog:

A

Resembles the transition-state structure of the normal enzyme-substrate complex.

41
Q

Penicillin and related drugs inhibit the enzyme _______; this enzyme is produced by _________.

A

Transpeptidase; bacteria

42
Q

The allosteric enzyme ATCase is regulated by CTP, which binds to the T-state of ATCase. CTP is a:

A

negative regulator.

43
Q

How are the kinetics of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction affected by a purely noncompetitive inhibitor?

A

Vmax decreased, Km decreased

44
Q

What must be true in order to say you are calculating steady-state kinetics?

A

[S]&raquo_space; [E]

45
Q

Amylopectin contains primarily ______ glycosidic bonds with _______ glycosidic bonds as branch points.

A

alpha (1–>4) ; alpha (1–>6)

46
Q

Any sugar that has a free aldehyde group is called a(n)

A

Reducing Sugar

47
Q

Which of the following monosaccharides is NOT an aldose

A

Dihydroxyacetone

48
Q

When two carbohydrates are epimers

A

They differ only in the configuration around one carbon atom

49
Q

When the linear form of glucose cyclizes, the product is a(n):

A

hemiacetal

50
Q

Which of the following is a heteropolysaccharide

51
Q

The basic structure of a proteoglycan consists of a core protein and a

A

glycosaminoglycan

52
Q

In glycoproteins, the carbohydrate moiety is always attached through the amino acid residue

A

Asparagine, serine, or threonine

53
Q

Which of the following is a dominant feature of the outer membrane of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria?

A

Lipoproteins

54
Q

How many bond(s) does Fe(II) form DIRECTLY with amino acid(s) in hemoglobin when O2 is bound?

55
Q

Which of the following is NOT correct concerning 2,3 BPG

A

It is never found associated with hemoglobin extracted from healthy RBC

56
Q

The Bohr effect can be best described as

A

reduced pH and increased CO2 stabilizing salt bridges in hemoglobin

57
Q

Myoglobin has a Hill coefficient (nH) of ____, meaning it lacks cooperativity.

58
Q

Which of the following is true about hemoglobin when it is in your veins traveling back to your lungs?

A

CO2 is attached

2,3-BPG is bound

59
Q

Is protease one of the six internationally accepted classes of enzymes?

60
Q

Enzymes are potent catalysts because they

A

stabilize the transition state for the reactions they catalyze

61
Q

T/F: Km specifically describes substrate affinity to an enzyme?

62
Q

The steady-state assumption, as applied to enzyme kinetics, implies

A

Rate of formation of ES complex is equal to the rate of breakdown of the ES complex.

63
Q

In non-competitive inhibition, an inhibitor:

A

binds ONLY to an allosteric site on the enzyme

64
Q

Which of the following peptides will be cut apart by chymotrypsin at the indicated position (|)

A

AGCTF|AAGV

65
Q

How are kinetics of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction affected by a purely competitive inhibitor?

A

Vmax unchanged, Km increased

66
Q

Is fructose an aldose?

67
Q

When 2 carbohydrates are epimers”

A

they differ only in the stereochemistry around 1 carbon atom.

68
Q

When the linear form of fructose cyclizes into its furanose form, the product is a(n):

69
Q

Which of the following is a heteropolysaccharide

A

agarose
peptidoglycan
glycosaminoglycans

HOMOPOLYSACCHARIDES:
Glycogen
Starch (amylopectin)
Cellulose

70
Q

Glycosaminoglycans help form the ECM that helps lubricate and serve as a shock absorber for joints. Which of the following chemical properties of these molecules helps with this protective function?

A

Negatively charged modified carbs

71
Q

In O-linked glycoproteins, the carbohydrates moiety is always attached through the amino acid residue(s)

A

Serine or threonine

72
Q

Gram-negative bacteria can trigger an immune response in animals due to which component of their outer cell wall?

A

Lipopolysaccharides

73
Q

Which of the following sugars would NOT be able to reduce Cu2+ to Cu+ in the Fehling test

74
Q

Is chymotrypsin one of the six internationally accepted classes of enzymes?

75
Q

Which of the following is true about hemoglobin BOTH when it is in your veins traveling from lungs to tissue and from tissue back to lungs

A

2,3-BPG is bound

76
Q

How are the kinetics of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction affected by a purely noncompetitive inhibitor?

A

Vmax decreased, Km unchanged

77
Q

In mixed inhibition, an inhibitor:

A

binds ONLY to an allosteric site on the enzyme

78
Q

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be killed by including _______ with penicillin to inhibit _____.

A

clavulanic acid; B-lactamase

79
Q

When 2 carbs are epimers

A

They are diastereomers

80
Q

When the linear form of galactose cyclizes into its pyranose form, a _____ forms

A

hemiacetal

81
Q

Which of the following is a heteropolysaccharide

A

hyaluronate

82
Q

What is the universal donor blood type?

83
Q

What sugar would NOT react in the Fehling test?

84
Q

What is correct about 2,3-BPG

A

It is a negatively charged molecule that interacts with basic amino acids in hemoglobin?

85
Q

The Bohr effect can be best described as

A

more acidic pH and increased CO2 stabilizing salt bridges in hemoglobin

86
Q

Myoglobin has a Hill coefficient (nH) of

A

1 (lacks cooperativity)

87
Q

Which of the following is true about hemoglobin when it is in your veins traveling from lungs to tissue?

A

O2 is bound

2,3-BPG is bound

88
Q

Penicillin and related drugs inhibit the enzyme _____; this enzyme is produced by ________.

A

Transpeptidase; bacteria cells

89
Q

Is dihydroxyacetone an aldose?

90
Q

When the linear form of glucose cyclizes into its pyranose form, a _____ forms

A

hemiacetal

91
Q

The basic structure of a proteoglycan consists of a core protein and a

A

glycosaminoglycan

92
Q

In glycoproteins, the carbohydrate moiety is always attached through the amino acid residues:

A

asparagine, serine, or threonine

93
Q

T/F: 1 BPG interacts with hemoglobin

94
Q

Bacteria produce the enzyme: _______; this enzyme reacts with __________

A

B-lactamase; penicillin

95
Q

Any sugar that has a free ketone group is called a(n)

A

Reducing sugar

Ketose

96
Q

Is dihydroxyacetone an aldose?

97
Q

When fructose is drawn in the Haworth projection, a ____ forms at the anomeric carbon

98
Q

Is hyaluronate a homo- or heteropolysaccharide?

A

Heteropolysacchardie

99
Q

The structure of proteoglycan consists of a core protein and a

A

glycosaminoglycan

CH3310: Biochemistry I (4 decks)

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