Exam 2 - Slides

Question 1

obesity

Answer 1

High amount of body fat relative to lean body mass

Question 2

BMI for individuals & gender

Answer 2

Overweight: 25 - 29.9%
Obese: >30%

Obese Individuals:
- Females >30%
- Males >25%

Question 3

Regulation of energy intake

Answer 3

energy intake

energy balance

Question 4

Kilocalorie

Answer 4

Kilocalorie is amount of energy needed to raise 1L or water 1 degree Celsius

Question 5

Simple theory of energy metabolism

Answer 5

Increase food intake over expenditure yields weight gain, and vice versa.

Fails to recognize endocrine regulation of body lipid stores and behavioral process (appetite control) that vary with food intake, glucose homeostasis, and lipid metabolism.

Question 6

Set point theory

Answer 6

Body resist weight loss and weight gain

Upregulates energy if overeat
- Increase thermogenesis and physical activity
- Decrease next meal

Downregulates
- Decrease thermogenesis
- Increase consumption

Genetic variation in how much exes energy is stored as adipose tissue

Question 7

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)

Answer 7

important enzyme that enables cells to resist weight gain.

Question 8

LPL tissue effects

Answer 8

1.) LPL activity influences whole-body metabolism differently in various tissues.

2.) Greater skeletal muscle LPL activity is associated with:
- Higher whole-body fat oxidation.
- Resistance to weight gain.

3.) Greater adipose LPL activity is linked to increased weight gain

Question 9

Where do we get our energy from?

Answer 9

Short term exercise:
Liver and muscle glycogen

Prolonged fasting:
Protein and fat storage

Question 10

Visceral fat accumulation related to…

Answer 10

Insulin resistance

Diabetes melitus

Left ventricular dysfunction

Hypertension

Coronary artery disease

Sleep Apnea syndrome

Question 11

Biomedical and behavioral causes

Answer 11

1. Increased intake of energy dense foods
2. Physical inactivity
3. Genetic predisposition
4. Unhealthy food choices
5. Lifestyle factors

Question 12

Global obesity epidemic numbers from IOTF

Answer 12

1.9 billion adults overweight; 650 million are obese

340 million school aged children overweight; 38 million are obese

Most of world population live in countries where overweight and obesity kill more people than underweight.

Question 13

3 transitions

Answer 13

Nutrition: increasing consumption of food high in fats and sugars, declining intake cereals, intake of fruits and vegetables remaining adequate.

Demographic: declining fertility rate and longer life expectancy
Epidemiologic: Declining infectious disease and increased NDs