Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History > Exam 2 (Slavery to the Industrial Revolution) > Flashcards

Exam 2 (Slavery to the Industrial Revolution) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® World History flashcards AP® U.S. History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards AP® European History flashcards World History 101 flashcards European History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q

Mercantilism

A
  • The first time we tried to modernize the economy
  • The goal was to have a positive balance of foreign trade in order to increase the amount of gold a country had
  • The more gold you had, the wealthier you were
  • Needed the gold to wage wars
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Growth of Colonization

A
  • Without colonies, mercantilism will not work
  • The sponsor or mother country gets natural resources from the colony (indigo, hempe, wood, fur, crops)
  • Colony provides the raw materials and the goods
  • The taxes and the goods sold in the mother country fed the treasury for the Continental Wars
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who controlled the slave trade?

A
  • Portugal: Late 15th Century-1700
  • G.B. and France (1700-1715)
  • G.B. (1715-1800)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Religious Arguments for Slavery

A
  • “A positive good”: since slavery is in the Bible and therefore blessed by God is must be good
  • God made black people that way. They are big and not smart and white people are smart so there is a balance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Economic Arguments for Slavery

A
  • Slavery is symbol of the Western World’s quest for success
  • Without slavery, the plantations would fall and the US economy would collapse
  • Since the south did not industrialize, they kept slavery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Abolition of Slavery

A
  • French: 1790 during the revolution
  • Britain:
    • Int’l trade in Carribean colonies in 1807
    • Complete abolishment by 1833
  • U.S.
    • ​NYS: Complete manumission in 1817
    • Int’l trade in 1809
    • Abolishment in 1865
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Indirect Causes of the French Revolution

A
  • French Society
  • Economic Discontent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

French Society

A
  • There are classes and there is no moving between the classes
  • First Estate:
    • Royals and Upper Clergy who make the rules and have privledges
  • Second Estate:
    • 350,000 owned 30% of the land
    • Influences gov’t, law, military, and courts
    • Nobility
  • Third Estate:
    • The common man
    • 88% of the population
    • Poor farmers are 85%
    • Artisans, lawyer, and doctor are 3%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Economic Issues and the Revolution

A
  • Bad harvests in the mid 1780s lead to higher bread prices
  • Grain prices go up along with rent and taxes
  • Unemployment increases
  • Women riot in the street for bread trying to feed their family. Try appealing to Marie Antoinette
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Direct Cause of the French Revolution

A
  • Government and Economic Collapse
    • No taxes means that the treasury has no money leading to a collapse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The American Revolution and The French Revolution

A
  • 1789: The Bill of Rights based on Locke are passed
  • French officers fighting in the American Revolution:
    • Ideas return to France with them
    • Influence the revolution in France
    • These ideas were put into action
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Estate General

A
  • Is called for the first time since 1614 in 1789.
    • 1st Estate: 300 delegates
    • 2nd Estate: 300 delegates
    • 3rd Estate: 600 delegates
  • The 3rd Estate does not get an equal vote and are locked out of the meetings so they do their own thing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tennis Court Oath and National Assembly

A
  • They meet on the tennis courts in Versailles and name themselves the National Assembly
  • The oath states that they will not leave until there is a constitution formed and they are recognized as a national assembly
  • Their first action is to abolish traditional privledges of the nobility and clergy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

A
  • Equality before the law
  • Representative government for a soverign people
  • Individual freedom
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Constitutional Monarchy (1791-1793)

A
  • King Louis XVI swore to uphold the consitution
  • Austria and Prussia passed the Declaration of Pillnitz stating that they would intefere in France to restore Louis XVI’s rule
  • When the monarchs from Austria and Prussia sent troops to try and reinstate the monarchy, the National Assemble rallied citizens
  • This led to riots toward Louis XVI who fled to the Assembly
  • Louis was imprisoned and suspended
  • The Assembly called for an elected assembly officially ending the constitutional monarchy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Robspierre and the Reign of Terror

A
  • Robspierre was the head of the Committee of Public Safety
  • He enforced republican beliefs through the Reign of Terror (1793-94)
  • Enemies of the nation were tried and convicted
  • This was directed at all those who opposed the revolution
  • 8% noble class
  • 25% middle class
  • 6% clergy
  • 60% peasants and laborers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The Directory (1795-1799)

A
  • National Legislative Assembly (bicameral)
    • Lower House: Council of 500 who initiated legislation
    • Upper House: Council of Elders who rejected or accepted legislation
  • The Directory
    • 5 men elected by the Council of Elders
    • Corrupt since they did what those who elected them wanted
  • This was all ineffective due to corruption and since the five men had to make everything work
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Napoleon’s Public Policy

A
  • Propoganda: He controls the press
    • controls the liberty limiting chaos
    • If someone criticized, they were thrown in jail
    • Agents push policies
  • Opened careers based on talent
    • Before, careers were hereditary
    • He believes anyone can become what they want to become
  • Equal under the law
    • Not equal politically but under the law
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Napoleonic Code

A
  • This reorganizes and modifies the law
  • Equality of all male citizens before the law
  • Abolished Serfdom
  • Workers are not allowed to unionize
  • ID papers were required
20
Q

Napoleonic Code and Women

A
  • Women acquire the nationality of their husband
  • Covered by the identity of their husband and are subservant to their husband
  • Women cannot participate in lawsuits or defend themselves
  • adultry punishable by fines and prison
  • Women cannot own businesses and a woman cannot inherit a business
21
Q

Education Under Napoleon

A
  • University of France:
    • A council that writes curriculum and sets regulations and rules
    • France still has this system
  • Military, civil servants, administration
  • Only for boys
  • Free schooling
22
Q

Economic Reform Under Napoleon

A
  • State funded the bulding of roads, bridges, canals and RR
  • Bank of France
    • A few bankers control the bank
    • The only band that could issue legal tender
  • pushes France into a new era
  • Controls the rent and bread prices
  • stimulates employment
  • Has goals to help France
23
Q

Concordant of 1801

A
  • The Catholic Chruch is no longer the state religion
  • The state will now choose the clergy and pay them
  • The Church will invest Clergy with their ecclisastical power
    • invest is a ceremony to say that someone is a priest and it shows the people that you are
  • Clergy is an employee of the state
  • Consolidation of Napoleon’s power loosening the Church’s grip on France
24
Q

Napoleon’s Military Career

A
  • An officer at 16
  • In 1793, defeated the British at Tulome and became Brigadeer General
  • Leads the French Army in Italy and defeats the Austrians securing the conquest of Italy
  • Had most of Europe under his control
  • Secured Italy and Germany
25
Q

Napoleon’s Invasion of Russia

A
  • Invaded the country in June of 1812
  • Pressed towards Moscow, which the Russians had burned
  • After being there for 5 weeks he ordered a retreat
  • When Napoleon reached Poland, 370,000 men had died and 200,000 were taken prisoner
26
Q

The Battle of Waterloo

A
  • Napoleon raised an army of his own after returning from exile
  • He met the British and Prussians in Waterloo
  • He was defeated by the Duke of Wellington and exiled to St. Helena where he later died
27
Q

The Continental System

A
  • Napoleon wanted to weaken the British so he blocked all British trade between Europe and Britain
  • Although it did weaken the British economy, it also lead to economic crises all across Europe
28
Q

Reasons for the Industrial Revolution

A
  • Agricultural Advances
  • Rapid Population Growth
  • Ability and the Will to Invest
  • Ready Markets
  • New Technologies
29
Q

Origins of Industrialization: Agricultural Advances

A
  • Plant genetics and improved agricultural methods
    • This led to an increase in food production, which fed more people at lower prices and with less labor
  • Make bigger cattle so there is more food for less
  • Happens first in Great Britain
30
Q

Origins for Industrialization: Rapid Population Growth

A
  • 2nd half of the 18th century
  • Bigger pool of available labor for a new factory system
31
Q

Origins of Industrialization: Ability and Will to Invest

A
  • Britain had the capital and an effective National Bank
  • Many invested in shipping insurance to grow their wealth
32
Q

Reasons for Industrialization: Raw Materials

A
  • Easily available supply of iron ore and coal
  • Easily transported:
    • By 1780: roads, bridges and canals
  • Cotton production is immense in Egypt and India leading to undergarments
33
Q

Reasons for Industrialization: New Technology

A
  • Before the revolution:
    • Putting-out-system: When many people work together to create a final product
  • After the revolution:
    • Now with factories leading to more control
  • Spinning Jenny
  • Power Loom
  • Steam Engine
  • Railroads
34
Q

Spinning Jenny

A
  • Invented by James Hargreaves in 1764
  • Allowed one worker to be able to work multiple spools at once. From 6 to 14
  • Usually worked by women
35
Q

Power Loom

A
  • A loom is an apparatus used for making fabric using yarn or thread.
  • A mechanized loom
  • Invented by Edmund Cartwright in 1784
36
Q

Watt’s Steam Engine

A
  • Invented by James Watt
  • Used steam at a pressure just above the atmospheric pressure to drive pistons
  • 1760s
37
Q

Cotton Production

A
  • Increased from 2.5M pounds in 1780 to 366M in 1840
38
Q

Railroads

A
  • Run on coal and steam
  • 1804: 1st RR, 10 tons of coal, 70 people, 5 mph
  • 1830: 32 miles, 50 mph
  • 1840: 2000 mi of track
  • 1850: 6000 mi of track
39
Q

The Great Exhibition of 1851

A
  • A fair about the history of Britain and its inventions
  • A symbol of the strength and wealth of G.B.
  • Had 6 million people in 6 months
40
Q

Great Britain and Industrialization

A
  • The first to industrialize
  • By 1850:
    • GB produces 1/2 of the worlds coal and steel
    • Others are industrializing
  • By 1900:
    • GB shares the world stage with Germany and the USA
41
Q

How Britain Tried to Stifle Competition

A
  • Until 1825:
    • No mechanic or engineer was allowed to leave the country
    • However, in the 1790s Samuel Slaters came to the US to help Moses Brown, a leading industrialist, start a mill
42
Q

Europe’s Growing Population

A
  • Total European Population:
    • 1800: 205M
    • 1850: 274M
    • 1870: 320M
43
Q

Reasons for the Population Explosion

A
  • Health and Life Expectancies Improve
    • A better understanding of medicine and germs
    • 1790: smallpox vaccination introduced
  • Better Nutrition:
    • A better understanding of the body
  • Average Marriage Age Down
    • Since men and women are healthier at a young age, the babies are healthier
    • By 1850, the economy is good enough for the Western World to support a family
44
Q

Emmigration

A
  • Many countries are getting overcrowded so the governments encourage people to move to different countries
  • Most run from oppression, religious persecution and starvation
    • Irish Potato Famine
      • The potato, a staple in Irish diet, is wiped out leaving people starving
      • Pushed people to leave the country
45
Q

City Life

A
  • Thieves and crime
  • Trash: sewage
  • Soot, dirt
  • Dark
  • No police force
  • Housing shortage
  • Unsanitary
  • Cholera, typhus and tuberculosis
46
Q

Unemployment in cities

A
  • Employment is high in the city
    • Too many people and not enough jobs
  • Emploment is unstable so many have off and on jobs
47
Q

Prostitution

A
  • Could not happen without industrialization
  • Most women did it to supplement income or as an inbetween job
  • By 1850:
    • Vienna: 15,000
    • Paris: 50,000 (legal, must register)
    • London: Est. 80,000 (illegal)
  • Did not want to be registered because of more rules and regulations. Could cost you money in the long run

History (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions