EXAM #2 (SINUSES) Flashcards
[Paranasal Sinuses: Anatomy Review ]
Defined as the air-filled cavities located in the frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones of the cranium, as well as the maxillae of the face
So named because of their formation from the nasal mucosa and their continued communication with the nasal fossae
[Paranasal Sinuses: Anatomy Review]
Defined as the air-filled cavities located in the frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones of the cranium, as well as the maxillae of the face
So named because of their formation from the nasal mucosa and their continued communication with the nasal fossae
Why are sinus x-rays done upright?
to see air-fluid levels
[Functions ]
Serve as resonating chamber for the _____
Decrease _____ of skull
Aid in _____ and _____ inhaled air
Act as _____ _____ in trauma
Possibly control the immune system
[Functions]
Serve as resonating chamber for the voice
Decrease weight of skull
Aid in warming and moisturizing inhaled air
Act as shock absorbers in trauma
Possibly control the immune system
[Development ]
Maxillary sinuses are usually the only ones developed enough to be demonstrated radiographically at _____
By _____ years of age, frontal and sphenoid are distinguishable from ethmoids
Ethmoids do not fully develop until _____ years of age
[Development]
Maxillary sinuses are usually the only ones developed enough to be demonstrated radiographically at birth
By 6 to 7 years of age, frontal and sphenoid are distinguishable from ethmoids
Ethmoids do not fully develop until 17 to 18 years of age
[Maxillary Sinuses ]
_____ and most _____
Paired (one in each facial bone)
Vary in size and shape, but are approximately pyramidal in shape
[Maxillary Sinuses]
Largest and most symmetric
Paired (one in each facial bone)
Vary in size and shape, but are approximately pyramidal in shape
[Frontal Sinuses ]
Second _____
Paired
Located between vertical plates of frontal bone
Vary _____ in size and shape
Occasionally absent
Rarely _____
[Frontal Sinuses]
Second largest
Paired
Located between vertical plates of frontal bone
Vary greatly in size and shape
Occasionally absent
Rarely symmetric
You can see all of the sinuses in the _____ projection
Sphenoid sinuses sits immediately below _____
You can see all of the sinuses in the lateral projection
Sphenoid sinuses sits immediately below sella turcica
[Sphenoid Sinuses ]
Normally _____
Occupy body of _____ bone
Often only one sinus develops, but never more than two
Vary in size and shape
Usually _____
Located below _____ _____ and extend between dorsum and posterior ethmoids
[Sphenoid Sinuses]
Normally paired
Occupy body of sphenoid bone
Often only one sinus develops, but never more than two
Vary in size and shape
Usually asymmetric
Located below sella turcica and extend between dorsum and posterior ethmoids
[Ethmoid Sinuses ]
Located within lateral masses of _____
Composed of varying number of air cells, which are divided into three main groups
—3 items?—
[Ethmoid Sinuses]
Located within lateral masses of labyrinths
Composed of varying number of air cells, which are divided into three main groups
Anterior (2 to 8)
Middle (2 to 8)
Posterior (2 to 6)
Ethmoid sinuses are divided into [?x] groups
The only facial bones that contain paranasal sinuses are the _____
Ethmoid sinuses are divided into 3 groups
The only facial bones that contain paranasal sinuses are the maxilla
[Lateral Projection ]
Demonstrates:
—4 items?—
[Lateral Projection]
Demonstrates:
All four sets of sinuses
Anteroposterior (AP) and superoinferior dimensions of paranasal sinuses
Thickness of frontal bone
Detail of side closer to image receptor (IR)
[PA Axial Projection (Caldwell Method) ]
Demonstrates:
—4 items?—
[PA Axial Projection (Caldwell Method)]
Demonstrates:
Frontal sinuses above frontonasal suture (shows this the best)
Anterior ethmoid air cells
Sphenoid sinuses seen through nasal fossa below or between ethmoids
Petrous pyramids in lower third of orbits
[Parietoacanthial Projection (Waters Method) ]
Demonstrates:
—3 items?—
[Parietoacanthial Projection (Waters Method)]
Demonstrates:
Maxillary sinuses
Petrous pyramids lying inferior to maxillary floor
Frontal and ethmoid sinuses are distorted
[Parietoacanthial Projection (Open-Mouth Waters Method) ]
Demonstrates:
—3 items?—
[Parietoacanthial Projection (Open-Mouth Waters Method)]
Sphenoid sinuses through open mouth
Maxillary sinuses
Petrous pyramids lying inferior to maxillary floor
[SMV Projection ]
Demonstrates:
—3 items?—
[SMV Projection]
Demonstrates:
Sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses
Mandible
Bony nasal septum
