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Biochem 2 > Exam 2 Short Answer Definitions > Flashcards

Exam 2 Short Answer Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Cytosol (animals, yeast cells)

A

NADPH production, isopremoid and sterol synthesis, Fatty acid synthesis

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2
Q

ER (both)

A

Phospholipid and sterol synthsis, FA elongation, FA desaturation

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3
Q

Mitochondria (animals, yeast cells)

A

FA oxidation, Acetyl-CoA production, Ketone Body synthesis, FA elongation

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4
Q

Mitochondria (plants)

A

No FA oxidation

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5
Q

Peroxisomes (plants)

A 
FA oxidation (--> H2O2)
Catalase, Peroxidase (H2O2--> H2O)
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6
Q

Chloroplasts (plants)

A

NADPH, ATP production, [NADPH]/[NADP+] high, FA Synthesis

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7
Q

Cytosol

A

Place where FA synthesis occurs in many organims

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8
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Place where FA synthesis occurs in plants

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9
Q

Saturated acyl group

A

Product of FA synthesis which becomes the substrate for condensation with an activated malonyl group

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10
Q

Palmitic Acid

A

16:0

The product that leaves the FA cycle once the chain length reaches 16 carbons

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11
Q

Fatty Acid Synthase

A

Multienzyme complex that carries out all of the reactions of fatty acid synthesis
Contains 7 activites

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12
Q

NADPH

A

Used to reduce the double bonds that are inserted in the growing acyl chain when malonyl-CoA condenses with Acetyl-CoA

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13
Q

Palmitic Acid

A

Serves as the precursor for the biosynthesis of long-chain saturated fatty acids in animal cells

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14
Q

Palmitoyl-CoA

A

Is extended by 2 carbons to form Stearoyl-CoA

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15
Q

Stearoyl-CoA

A

Formed when Palmitoyl-CoA is extended by 2 carbons

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16
Q

Fatty Acyl-CoA Desaturases

A

Action that forms unsaturated fatty acid

These desaturases are types of mixed function oxidases

17
Q

Mixed Function Oxidase

A

The enzyme oxidizes 2 different substrates simultaneously

18
Q

Triacylglycerols and Phospholipids

A

Share the same initial pathway that forms Glycerol-3-Phosphate

19
Q

Acyl transferase

A

Adds 2 acyl esters to the glycerol phosphate molecule

20
Q

Acyl-CoA Synthetase

A

Converts fatty acids to their active CoA thioester

21
Q

Phosphatidic acid

A

1,2-diacylglycerol-3-phosphate

Serves as the common precursor for both TAG and Phospholipid synthesis and is thus a branch point

22
Q

Cytidine Diphosphate-diacylglycerol

A

Formed from phosphatidic acid by the enzyme CTP: Phosphatidate cytidylyl transferase

23
Q

CDP-DAG

A

Contains a high energy bond between the phosphates

Can act as a donor of DAD or Phosphatidyl radical

24
Q

Head group exchange

A

Process by which animals produce phosphatidyl serine

25
Q

SAM

A

S-adenosyl methionine

26
Q

SAHC

A

S-adenosyl-hamocysteine

27
Q

Fusogenic Membrane

A

Primarily composed of PE and PS ideally in 3:1 ratio

28
Q

Membrane Fusion

A

Primary means to change membrane composition and is a major mechanism involved in endocytosis and exocytosis

29
Q

PE

A

Phosphotidylethanolamine: least hydrated phospholipid head group and doesn’t attract to water easily

30
Q

Hexagonal II

A

Inverted membrane head groups facing fatty acid (outwards)

Formed from PE

31
Q

Intermembrane van der Waal attractions

A

Enhanced by Ca+2 binding to PS

32
Q

When calcium binds to PS

A

It reduces the net surface charge density and reduces surface hydration repulsion

33
Q

Peripheral Membrane proteins

A

Can be removed from the membrane by using buffers containing salt and/or buffers at extreme physiological pHs

34
Q

Integral Membrane Proteins

A

Can only be removed by buffers with detergent

Hydrophobic

35
Q

Hydropathy Plots

A

Attempt to predict membrane spanning alpha-helical regions from amino acid sequences

36
Q

Transmembrane Spanning Regions

A

About 20 amino acids long and consist primarily of hydrophobic amino acids

37
Q

Kyle and Doolittle Scale

A

Uses hydrophobicity of amino acids as measured by the hydration potential. The frequency residues are found in globular water soluble protein and amino acids relatively polar

38
Q

Really hydrophobic amino acids

A

Isoleucine, Valine, Leucine

Biochem 2 (3 decks)

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