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Physiology 3 Exam 2 Practice Questions > Exam 2 Sample Exam > Flashcards

Exam 2 Sample Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is in proportion with cardiac output?

A

local tissue flow

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2
Q

What is independent of local flow and cardiac output?

A

arterial blood pressure

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3
Q

Consider the resistance in the following tissue beds:
coronary = .4, brain = .13, liver = .08, kidneys = .10
What is the total peripheral resistance?

A

less than 0.8

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4
Q

Greater resistance is greater or lesser flow?

A

lesser flow

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5
Q

Pulmonic flow is in series with systemic flow T/F?

A

true

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6
Q

Using data from question 2, which tissue bed would have greatest flow?

A

liver (lower resistance is greater flow)

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7
Q

Following vessels the flow rate is identical, which vessel is offering the greatest resistance to flow?
P1=50 P2=25 P1=70 P2=60 P1=80 P2=65

A

P1=50 P2=25 =25

greater change in pressure is greater resistance to flow

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8
Q

In most tissue beds, blood flow is regulated in proportion to which of the following?

A

local metabolism

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9
Q

A broad band Doppler reading is indicative of what type of flow?

A

turbulent flow

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10
Q

A narrow band Doppler reading is indicative of what type of flow?

A

laminar flow

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11
Q

If a vessel with a length of 100 cm has a cross sectional area of 0.5 cm^2, and velocity of flow of 10 cm/sec. The pressure drop across that length is 10 mmHg. What is the flow in that vessel?

A

300 mL/min

10x.5=5x60=300

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12
Q

The vascular compartment with the greatest total cross sectional area is what?

A

capillaries

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13
Q

A greater cross sectional area is indicative of what?

A

slower blood flow

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14
Q

What are characteristics of parallel circuitry?

A

independence of flow control, maximizes oxygen delivery to tissues, minimizes total peripheral resistance, and decreases work load on heart

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15
Q

A small change in volume producing a large change in pressure is a characteristic of which vascular compartment?

A

systemic arteries

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16
Q

A large change in volume producing a small change in pressure is characteristic of which vascular compartment?

A

systemic veins

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17
Q

Acetylcholine binding to the vascular endothelium has what effect?

A

vasodilation by causing nitric oxide release

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18
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic nervous stimulation on most vascular smooth muscle?

A

vasoconstriction mediated by alpha receptors

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19
Q

Is there parasympathetic effects on vascular smooth muscle?

A

no, they are effected by local vasodilators

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20
Q

What are the local vasodilators?

A

adenosine, NO, CO, K+, H+, PGE and PGI series prostaglandins, histamine

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21
Q

During widespread sympathetic nervous system stimulation, which tissue bed would show the least increase in vascular resistance?

A

lung, brain, and heart

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22
Q

As a tissue becomes more active, how is blood flow to that tissue increased?

A

tissue releases local vasodilators which override sympathetics

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23
Q

At a given mean circulatory filling pressure what happens to venous return as central venous pressure increases?

A

decreases

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24
Q

At a given mean circulatory filling pressure what happens to venous return as central venous pressure decreases?

A

increases

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25
Q

If cardiac output is stopped, arterial pressure will be expected to fall until it equals what?

A

critical closing pressure

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26
Q

If cardiac output is stopped, arterial pressure will be expected to fall until it equals what when a shunt is involved?

A

mean circulatory filling pressure

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27
Q

In a healthy young adult comment about tissue flow during diastole?

A

maintained by recoil of the arteries

28
Q

In a healthy young adult comment about tissue flow during systole?

A

it is stretched

29
Q

If blood flow to a tissue doubles and AV O2 difference falls, what is increase in flow most likely due to?

A

shunting

30
Q

What increases the plasma colloid osmotic effect by about 50%?

A

negative changes on protein attracting and holding postive ions like sodium

31
Q

What does the plasma colloid osmotic effect do?

A

pulls fluid back in

32
Q

What protein holds positively charged ions like sodium?

A

albumin

33
Q

What effects are attributed to slow breathing?

A

increased resting oxygen saturation, decreased sypathetic activity, decreased chemoreflex activation, decreased mean arterial blood pressure

34
Q

What effect does decreasing velocity have on blood viscosity?

A

increases blood viscosity

35
Q

What does increasing velocity have on blood viscosity?

A

decreases blood viscosity

36
Q

How does fibrinogen decrease blood viscosity?

A

makes RBC’s more flexible

37
Q

Considering vascular function as central venous pressure increases, what happens to venous return?

A

decreases

38
Q

Considering vascular function as central venous pressure decreases, what happens to venous return?

A

increases

39
Q

Considering vascular function as central venous pressure increases, what happens to cardiac function?

A

increases

40
Q

What is the term for when central venous pressure and venous return meet on the graph?

A

mean circulatory filling pressure

41
Q

What is the mean circulatory filling pressure equal to?

A

max central venous pressure

42
Q

The chronic use of anti-inflammatory drugs could be expected to inhibit what process?

A

angiogenesis

43
Q

Consider following data:

avg. capillary hydrostatic P=17mmHg
avg. capillary colloid osmotic P=28mmHg
avg. interstitial hydrostatic P=-2mmHg
avg. interstitial colloid osmotic P=9mmHg

A

filtration=reabsorption because 19mmHg=19mmHg

44
Q

Which brainstem area is tonically active and is associated with tonic SNS outflow?

A

neurons anterolateral in the upper medulla and pons

45
Q

Which brainstem area is associated as the depressor center?

A

neurons anterolater in the lower medulla

46
Q

What substance is associated with local vasodilation?

A

adenosine, NO, CO, etc…

47
Q

What high resistance microvessels control local blood flow by intergrating multiple input which determine lumen diameter?

A

arterioles

48
Q

What is the equation for distensibility and what determines the distensibility of a vessel?

A

D=^V/^PxV

the vessel with the bigger distensibility number is more distensible than the other

49
Q

What is the equation for compliance of a vessel and how is compliance determined?

A

C=^V/^P

bigger compliance number is more compliant than the other vessel

50
Q

What may act at the level of the CNS in the development of hypotension?

A

nitric oxide

51
Q

In the kidney, how does SNS stimulation, increase angiotensin formation?

A

by stimulation of the JG cells to release renin

52
Q

What does the release of renin lead to?

A

formation and release of Angiotensin I which then forms Angiotensin II

53
Q

What does angiotensin II release?

A

aldosterone

54
Q

In response to a fall in systemic arterial blood pressure, what changes would offset the fall?

A

increase in SNS stimulation, increase in renin release, decrease in ANP release, increase in vasopressin, increase in aldosterone and ADH

55
Q

In the face of rising arterial blood pressure, what responses would autoregulate both renal blood flow and glomerular filtration?

A

constriction of afferent arterioles

56
Q

In a response to a fall in systemic arterial blood pressure, what responses would autoregulate renal blood flow and increase glomerular filtration?

A

constriction of the efferent arterioles

57
Q

What effect does stimulation of baroreceptors have on sympathetic outflow?

A

decreases/inhibits

58
Q

During systole, what happens to baroreceptor activity?

A

increases and causes sympathetic activity to drop off

59
Q

In the fetus, the ductus arteriosis shunts blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta returning primarily to what vessel?

A

superior vena cava

60
Q

In the fetus, the foramen ovale shunts blood to what vessel?

A

inferior vena cava

61
Q

What is the function of the ductus venosus in the fetus?

A

shunt blood from the umbilical vein into the inferior vena cava bypassing the liver

62
Q

In what tissue beds does sympathetic nervous system stimulation cause a metabolically induced local increase in blood flow?

A

heart

63
Q

During exercise, what will normally decrease?

A

VO2 and TPR

64
Q

During exercise, what will normally increase?

A

heart rate, active muscle blood flow, diastolic blood pressure

65
Q

During exercise most of the increase in cardiac output is due to what?

A

increase in heart rate

66
Q

With chronic exercise, improvement in cardiac output is due to what?

A

increase in stroke volume

Physiology 3 Exam 2 Practice Questions (1 decks)

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