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Movement Science > Exam 2 Review - Joint Arthrokinematics > Flashcards

Exam 2 Review - Joint Arthrokinematics Flashcards

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1
Q

What osteokinematic motions can the atlanto-occipital (AO) joint of the spine do?

A

flexion
extension
side bending

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2
Q

During flexion of the AO joint, the occiput rolls into flexion and ________ on the superior facet of the atlas (c1)

A

glides posterior

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3
Q

During extension of the AO joint, the occiput rolls into extension and _______ on the superior facet of the atlas

A

glides anterior

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4
Q

During side bending to the right of the AO joint, the occiput rolls into right side bending and _________ on the superior face of the atlas

A

glides left

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5
Q

What are the osteokinematic motions of the atlanto-axial (AA) joint?

A

flexion
extension
axial rotation

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6
Q

During flexion at the AA joint, the inferior facet of the atlas ______ into flexion on the superior face of c2

A

tilts

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7
Q

During extension at the AA joint, the inferior facet of the atlas ______ into extension on the superior facet of the axis

A

tilts

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8
Q

During rotation to the right the _____ inferior facet of the atlas ________ on the right superior facet of c2; the _______ inferior facet of the atlas _________ on the left superior facet of the axis

A

right, glides posterior

left, glides anterior

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9
Q

What are the osteokinematic motions of C3-7?

A

flexion
extension
rotation
side bending

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10
Q

During flexion of C3-7, the inferior facets of the superior vertebra glide _______ & ________ on the superior facets of the inferior vertebra

A

anterior and superior

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11
Q

During extension of C3-7, the inferior facets of the superior vertebra glide _____ & _____ on the superior facets of the inferior vertebra

A

posterior and inferior

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12
Q

During rotation of C3-7 to the right, the _______ inferior facet of the superior vertebra glides _______ & _______ on the right superior facet of the inferior vertebra. The _______ inferior facet of the superior vertebra glides ______ & _____ on the left superior facet of the inferior vertebra

A

right, posterior and slightly inferior

left, anterior and slightly superior

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13
Q

During side bending of C3-7 to the right, the ______ inferior facet of the superior vertebra glides ____ & ____ on the right superior facet of the inferior vertebra. The ____ inferior facet of the superior vertebra glides _____ & _____ on the left superior facet of the inferior vertebra

A

right, inferior and slightly posterior

left, superior and slightly anterior

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14
Q

What is the orientation of the facets of C3-7?

A
  • angled 45 deg
  • superior facet: face superior and posterior
  • inferior facet: face inferior and anterior
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15
Q

What is the orientation of the facets of the thoracic vertebrae?

A
  • slightly tipped forward
  • superior facet: face posterior and slightly superior
  • inferior facet: face anterior and slight inferior
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16
Q

What are the osteokinematic motions of the thoracic vertebrae?

A

flexion
extension
rotation
side bending

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17
Q

During flexion of the thoracic vertebrae, the inferior facet of the superior vertebra glides _____ & ______ on the superior facets of the inferior vertebra

A

superior and slightly anterior

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18
Q

During extension of the thoracic vertebrae, the inferior facet of the superior vertebrae glides _____ & _____ on the superior facets of the inferior vertebra

A

inferior and slightly posterior

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19
Q

During rotation of the thoracic vertebrae to the right, the inferior facet of the superior vertebra glide _____ on the superior facet of the inferior vertebra

A

left

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20
Q

What is the orientation of facets in the lumbar region of the spine?

A
  • 90 deg
  • superior facets: face medial to posterior-medial
  • inferior facets: face lateral to anterior-lateral
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21
Q

During side bending of the thoracic vertebrae to the right, the inferior facets of the superior vertebra glide ______ on the superior facets of the inferior vertebra

A

right

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22
Q

What are the osteokinematic motions of the lumbar region?

A

flexion
extension
rotation
side bending

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23
Q

During flexion in the lumbar region, the inferior facets of the superior vertebra glide ______ & _____ on the superior facets of the inferior vertebra

A

superior and anterior

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24
Q

During extension in the lumbar region, the inferior facets of the superior vertebra glide ______ & _____ on the superior facets of the inferior vertebra

A

inferior and posterior

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25
Q

During rotation to the right in the lumbar region, the _______ inferior facets of the superior vertebra ________ against the left superior facet of the inferior vertebra. The _____ inferior face too the superior vertebra ______ slightly from the right superior facet of the inferior vertebra

A

left, approximates (compresses)

right, distracts (gaps)

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26
Q

During side bending to the right in the lumbar region, the ____ inferior facet of the superior vertebra slides ______ on the left superior facet of the inferior vertebra. The ______ inferior facet of the superior vertebra glides _______ on the right superior facet of the inferior vertebra

A

left, superior

right, inferior

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27
Q

What is the bilateral action of SCM?

A

cervical flexion

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28
Q

What is the unilateral action of SCM?

A

contralateral rotation, ipsilateral side bending

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29
Q

What is the bilateral action of semispinalis cervicis?

A

cervical extension

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30
Q

What is the unilateral action of semispinalis cervicis?

A

contralateral rotation, ipsilateral side bending

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31
Q

What is the bilateral action of splenius capitis?

A

cervical extension

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32
Q

What is the unilateral action of splenius capitis?

A

ipsilateral rotation and side bending

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33
Q

What is the bilateral action of obliquus internus?

A

trunk flexion

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34
Q

What is the unilateral action of obliquus internus?

A

ipsilateral rotation and side bending

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35
Q

What is the bilateral action of obliquus externus?

A

trunk flexion

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36
Q

What is the unilateral action of obliquus externus?

A

contralateral rotation, ipsilateral side bending

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37
Q

What is the bilateral action of lumbar multifidus?

A

lumber extension

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38
Q

What is the unilateral action of lumbar multifidus?

A

contralateral rotation, ipsilateral side bending

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39
Q

What are the four ways to reduce the amount of force required by the back extensor muscles during lifting?

A
  • reduce acceleration
  • reduce magnitude of external load
  • reduce the length of external moment arm
  • increase length of internal moment arm
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40
Q

How does the squat lift compare to the stoop lift?

A

squat lift reduces the torque demand about the lumbar spine but increases the total work required to lift a load

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41
Q

How does the vasalva maneuver impact the spine during lifting?

A
  • creates rigidity in spine by increasing intra-abdominal pressure and decreasing volume by activating core muscles to decrease the demand on lumbar spine muscles = more stability and stiffness in lumbar region
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42
Q

What are the osteokinematic motions of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

elevation
depression
protraction
retraction
rotation

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43
Q

During elevation of the SC joint, the convex surface of the clavicle rolls into elevation as it __________ on the concave sternum

A

slides inferiorly

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44
Q

During depression of the SC joint, the convex surface of the clavicle rolls into depression as it _______ on the concave surface of the sternum

A

slides superior

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45
Q

During protraction of the SC joint, the concave surface of the clavicle rolls into protraction as it __________ on the convex surface of the sternum

A

slides anterior

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46
Q

During retraction go the SC joint, the concave surface of the clavicle rolls into retraction as it ________ on the convo surface of the sternum

A

slides posterior

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47
Q

What plane of motion does rotation of the SC joint occur and when does it happen?

A
  • sagittal plane
  • rotates posteriorly during shoulder abduction or flexion
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48
Q

What are the osteokinematic motions of the AC joint?

A

upward rotation and downward rotation (frontal)

rotational adjustment positions

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49
Q

Does the AC joint have arthrokinematic motion?

A

no

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50
Q

What are the osteokinematic motions of the GH joint?

A

flex/ext
ext/int rotation
abd/adduction
horizontal abd/add

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51
Q

During extension of the GH joint, the humeral head ____ into extension on the glenoid fossa

A

spins

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52
Q

During flexion of the GH joint, the humeral head _____ into flexion on the glenoid fossa

A

spins

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53
Q

During ext rotation of the GH joint, the humeral head rolls into external rotation and ______ on the glenoid fossa

A

glides anterior

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54
Q

During int rotation of the GH joint, the humeral head rolls into internal rotation and ______ on the glenoid fossa

A

glides posterior

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55
Q

During abduction of the GH joint, the humeral head rolls into abduction as it _____ on the glenoid fossa

A

glides inferior

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56
Q

During adduction of the GH joint, the humeral head rolls into adduction as it ______ on the glenoid fossa?

A

glides superior

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57
Q

During horizontal abduction the humeral head rolls posterior as it ________ on the glenoid fossa

A

glides anterior

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58
Q

During horizontal adduction the humeral head rolls anterior as it _______ on the glenoid fossa

A

glides posterior

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59
Q

What are the osteokinematics of the scapulothoracic joint?

A

upward/downward rotation
elevation
depression
protraction
retraction
anterior tilt/posterior tilt

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60
Q

What are the associated osteokinematics at the SC and AC joint during upward rotation of the ST joint?

A

SC elevation, AC upward rotation

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61
Q

What are the associated osteokinematics at the SC and AC joint during downward rotation of the ST joint?

A

SC depression, AC downward rotation

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62
Q

What are the associated osteokinematics at the SC and AC joint during elevation of the ST joint?

A

SC elevation, AC downward rotation

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63
Q

What are the associated osteokinematics at the SC and AC joint during depression of the ST joint?

A

SC depression, AC upward rotation

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64
Q

What are the associated osteokinematics at the SC and AC joint during protraction of the ST joint?

A

SC protraction, AC int rotation

65
Q

What are the associated osteokinematics at the SC and AC joint during retraction of the ST joint?

A

SC retraction, AC ext rotation

66
Q

What muscles contribute to upward rotation of the scapula?

A
  • traps (upper, middle, lower)
  • serratus anterior
67
Q

What muscles contribute to downward rotation of the scapula?

A
  • latissimus
  • levator scapulae
  • rhomboids
68
Q

What are the degrees of movement at the SC joint during shoulder abduction?

A
  • 20 deg elevation
  • 20 deg retraction
  • 30 deg posterior rotation
69
Q

What is the degree movement at the AC joint during shoulder abduction?

A

30 deg upward rotation

70
Q

How much of shoulder abduction comes from the ST joint and GH joint?

A

ST: 60 deg
GH: 120 deg

71
Q

How must the scapula move for full shoulder abduction?

A
  • 60 deg upward rotation
  • 20 deg posterior tilt
  • 5 deg external rotation
72
Q

In order get full shoulder ROM what must the humerus do?

A

externally rotate 35 deg

73
Q

What are the osteokinematic motions of the humeroulnar joint?

A

flexion
extension

74
Q

During flexion of the humeroulnar joint, the trochlear notch of the ulna rolls into flexion and _________ on the trochlea of the humerus

A

glides anterior

75
Q

During extension of the humeroulnar joint, the trochlear notch of the ulna rolls into extension and __________ on the trochlea of the humerus

A

glides posterior

76
Q

What are the osteokinematic motions of the humeroradial joint?

A

flexion
extension
pronation
supination

77
Q

During flexion of the humeroradial joint, the head of he radius rolls into flexion and ________ on the capitulum of the humerus

A

glides anterior

78
Q

During extension of the humeroradial joint, the head of he radius rolls into extension and ________ on the capitulum of the humerus

A

glide posterior

79
Q

During pronation of the humeroradial joint, the head of the radius ________ into pronation on the capitulum of the humerus

A

spins

80
Q

During supination of the humeroradial joint, the head of the radius ________ into supination on the capitulum of the humerus

A

spins

81
Q

What are the osteokinematic motions of the PRUJ?

A

pronation
supination

82
Q

During pronation of the PRUJ the head of the radius rolls into pronation and ________ on the radial notch of the ulna

A

glides posterior

83
Q

During supination of the PRUJ the head of the radius rolls into supination and ________ on the radial notch of the ulna

A

glides anterior

84
Q

What are the osteokinematic motions of the DRUJ?

A

pronation
supination

85
Q

During pronation of the DRUJ the ulnar notch of the radius rolls into pronation and ________ on the head of the ulna

A

glides anterior

86
Q

What are the osteokinematic motions of the radiocarpal joint?

A

flexion
extension
radial deviation
ulnar deviation

86
Q

During supination of the DRUJ the ulnar notch of the radius rolls into supination and ________ on the head of the ulna

A

glides posterior

87
Q

During flexion of the radial carpal joint, the proximal carpals roll into flexion as they _________ on the distal radius

A

glide posterior (dorsal)

88
Q

During extension of the radial carpal joint, the proximal carpals roll into extension as they _________ on the distal radius

A

glide anterior (palmar)

89
Q

During radial deviation of the radial carpal joint, the proximal carpals roll into radial deviation as they _________ on the distal radius

A

glide ulnarly

90
Q

During ulnar deviation of the radial carpal joint, the proximal carpals roll into ulnar deviation as they _________ on the distal radius

A

glide radially

91
Q

What needs to happen into order to have a strong grip with your hand?

A

flexors must activate to grip object but extensors must also activate to keep a neutral wrist

92
Q

What is the optimal length for dinger flexors?

A

30 deg of wrist extension

93
Q

What happens to grip strength if the wrist is flexed?

A

decreases because finger flexors experiencing active insufficiency and finger extensors are over lengthened which causes an extension torque at the PIP, reducing strength

94
Q

What are the osteokinematic motions of the hip?

A

extension
flexion
ext/int rotation
abd/adduction

95
Q

During open chain extension of the hip, the head of the femur _______ into extension on the acetabulum

A

spins

96
Q

During closed chain extension of the hip, the acetabulum _______ into extension on the head of the femur

A

spins

97
Q

During open chain flexion of the hip, the head of the femur _______ into flexion on the acetabulum

A

spins

98
Q

During closed chain flexion of the hip, the acetabulum ______ into flexion on the head of the femur

A

spins

99
Q

During open chain external rotation of the hip, the head of the femur rolls into ext rotation and _______ on the acetabulum

A

glides anterior

100
Q

During closed chain external rotation of the hip, the acetabulum rolls into external rotation and ________ on the head of the femur

A

glides posterior

101
Q

During open chain internal rotation of the hip, the head of the femur rolls into int rotation and _______ on the acetabulum

A

glides posterior

102
Q

During closed chain internal rotation of the hip, the acetabulum rolls into internal rotation and ________ on the head of the femur

A

glides anterior

103
Q

During open chain abduction of the hip, the head of the femur rolls into abduction and _______ on the acetabulum

A

glides inferior

104
Q

During closed chain abduction of the hip, the acetabulum rolls into abduction and ______ on the head of the femur

A

glides superior

105
Q

During open chain adduction of the hip, the head of the femur rolls into adduction and _______ on the acetabulum

A

glides superior

106
Q

During closed chain adduction of the hip, the acetabulum rolls into adduction and ______ on the head of the femur

A

glides inferior

107
Q

What is the muscle action of piriformis in neutral?

A

external rotation

108
Q

What is the muscle action of piriformis in 120 deg of hip flexion?

A

internal rotation

109
Q

What is the muscle action of adductor longus in neutral?

A

adduction and extension

110
Q

What is the muscle action of adductor longus in 120 deg of hip flexion?

A

adduction and flexion

111
Q

What is closed chain hip flexion associated with in the pelvis and lumbar spine?

A

anterior pelvic tilt
lumbar lordosis (extension)

112
Q

What is closed chain hip extension associated with in the pelvis and lumbar spine?

A

posterior pelvic tilt and decreased lumbar lordosis (flexion)

113
Q

What are the impacts of limited hip extension?

A

slower gait and smaller steps

anterior pelvic tilt and increased lumbar lordosis

114
Q

What are the impacts of limited hip flexion on patients after hip surgery?

A

patients sit with posterior pelvic tilt and lumbar flexion

115
Q

What are the osteokinematics of the tibiofemoral joint?

A

flexion
extension
external/internal rotation

116
Q

During flexion of the tibiofemorial joint, the tibia rolls into flexion and ________ on the femur

A

glides posterior

117
Q

During extension of the tibiofemoral joint, the tibia rolls into extension and ________ on the femur

A

glides anterior

118
Q

During external rotation of the tibiofemoral joint, the tibia _____ into external rotation on the femur

A

spins

119
Q

During internal rotation of the tibiofemoral joint, the tibia _____ into internal rotation on the femur

A

spins

120
Q

What are the osteokinematics of the patellofemoral joint?

A

flexion and extension in frontal plane

121
Q

During flexion of the patellofemoral joint, the patella ________ on the femur

A

glides inferior

122
Q

During extension of the patellofemoral joint, the patella ______ on the femur

A

glides superior

123
Q

In what direction does the patella experience the most pull?

A

lateral

124
Q

What is the determinant of lateral pull on the patella and how does its size affect the amount of pull?

A

Q angle, the larger the q angle, the greater the lateral pull

125
Q

What structures contribute to the lateral pull on the patella?

A
  • quads
  • IT Band
  • later retinacular fibers
126
Q

What structures contribute to the medial pull on the patella?

A
  • vastus medialis
  • raised trochlear groove
  • patellofemoral ligament
127
Q

What is the screw home mechanism?

A

in last 30 deg of knee extension, there is a external rotation of 10 deg, to make joint stable

128
Q

What causes the screw home mechanism?

A

shape of medial femoral condyle

passive tension of ACL

slight lateral pull of quads

popliteus must unlock knee to internal rotate

129
Q

What motion is limited by the ACL?

A

extension
tibial anterior translation
extreme varus or valgus
rotation

130
Q

What motion is limited by the PCL?

A

flexion
tibial posterior translation
extreme varus or valgus
rotation at 90 deg of flexion

131
Q

What motion is limited by the MCL?

A

valgus
extension
external tibial rotation

132
Q

What motion is limited by the LCL?

A

varus
extension
extreme axial rotation

133
Q

What are the osteokinematics of the talocrural joint?

A

plantar flexion
dorsiflexion

134
Q

What is the axis of rotation for the talocrural joint?

A

inferior/posterior/lateral to superior/anterior/medial

135
Q

During plantar flexion of the talocrural joint, the trochlea of the talus rolls into PF and _________ on the ankle mortise

A

glides anterior

136
Q

During dorsiflexion of the talocrural joint, the trochlea of the talus rolls into DF and _______ on the ankle mortise

A

glides posterior

137
Q

What are the osteokinematics of the subtalar joint?

A

pronation and supination

138
Q

What bones make up the subtalar joint?

A

talus and calcaneus

139
Q

What motions are involved in pronation of the subtalar joint?

A

eversion + abduction + DF

140
Q

What motions are involved in supination of the subtalar joint?

A

inversion + adduction + PF

141
Q

During pronation of the subtalar joint, the calcaneus rolls into eversion and _________ on the talus

A

glides medially

142
Q

During supination of the subtalar joint, the calcaneus rolls into inversion and _________ on the talus

A

glides laterally

143
Q

What axis is the subtalar joint on?

A

oblique axis = inferior posterior lateral to superior anterior medial

144
Q

What axis is the mid tarsal joint on?

A

oblique axis

145
Q

What makes up the mid tarsal joint?

A

talanavicular and calcaneocuboid joint

146
Q

What are the osteokinematics of the mid tarsal joint?

A

pronation and supination

147
Q

What axis is inversion/eversion of the ankle/foot on?

A

A-P axis

148
Q

What axis is abd/adduction of the ankle/foot on?

A

vertical axis

149
Q

What axis is DF/PF of the ankle/foot on?

A

M-L axis

150
Q

What is the muscle action of tibialis posterior?

A

inversion and PF

151
Q

What is muscle action of tibialis anterior?

A

DF, inversion, adduction

152
Q

What are the muscle actions of fibularis longus and brevis?

A

eversion and PF

153
Q

What are the muscle actions of extensor digitorum brevis and longus?

A

toe ext and DF

154
Q

How does rear foot pronation/supination affect mid foot stability?

A

supination of the calcaneus increases mid foot stability

pronated calcaneus leads to flexible midfoot

155
Q

What are the effects of pronation and supination up the kinematic chain?

A

closed chain subtalar pronation is couples with tibial and femoral internal rotation, increasing valgus stress at knee

at hip, internal rotation flexion and adduction

156
Q

What are the 3 rockers in the sagittal plane gait?

A

heel rocker: heel strike and subsequent PF

ankle rocker: tibial advancement over foot by ankle DF

forefoot rocker: during heel rise, ankle PF, and MTP joint extension

157
Q

What is the order of the 3 rockers of gait?

A

heel > ankle > forefoot

Movement Science (1 decks)

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