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Intro Bio-Organic Chemistry > Exam 2 Review Chapters 13-15 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Review Chapters 13-15 Flashcards

Review for Exam 2 with key points and skills

1
Q

What does pyran mean?

A

Unsaturated ether ring of 6 atoms

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2
Q

What does furan mean?

A

Five-atom ring with an O

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3
Q

What is a dioxane?

A

Cyclic ether with 2 O and 6 atom ring

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4
Q

Which has a higher boiling point, an ether or an alcohol?, and why?

A

Alcohol, because of the polarity of the OH and the hydrogen bonding that occurs.

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5
Q

How many carbons can an alcohol have in order to be soluble in water?

A

1-4, 5?

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6
Q

How many carbons can an ether have in order to be soluble in water?

A

2-3

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7
Q

Dehydration of alcohols form what?

A

Alkene and water

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8
Q

What is Seytzeff’s rule?

A

The major product forms by removing the hydrogen from the carbon atom that has the smaller number of hydrogen atoms.

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9
Q

During dehydration when would an ether form?

A

When the temp is 130 C or less

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10
Q

Define Oxidation reaction

A

increase in the number of C-O bonds; loss of hydrogen, gain of oxygen

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11
Q

Define Reduction

A

fewer bonds between C-O

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12
Q

What is the product of a primary alcohol going through an oxidation reaction

A

aldehyde C=O

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13
Q

What is the product if an aldehyde is oxidized?

A

Carboxylic Acid HO-C=O (at the end)

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14
Q

What is the product of a secondary alcohol being oxidized?

A

Ketone C-C(=O)-C

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15
Q

What is the product of a tertiary alcohol being oxidized?

A

Nothing, resists oxidization because there are no hydrogens bonded to the carbon that holds the alcohol

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16
Q

What is the product of a thiol beinf oxidized?

A

Disulfide S-S

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17
Q

K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4 are

A

Strong Oxidizing agents

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18
Q

What is PCC

A

A weak oxidizing agent to catch the mechanisms of a reaction

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19
Q

NAD and NADH are to find what?

A

Where the specific hydrogens go first

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20
Q

What is a structural isomer?

A

Has the same amount of molecules, but different structures.

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21
Q

What is the ending for aldehydes

A

-al

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22
Q

what is the ending for alcohols

23
Q

An aldehyde + a benzene ring would be named what?

A

benzaldehyde

24
Q

What is the structure of Glucose?

A

C6 LRLL (OH Groups)

25
Q

What is the directional orientation of a D and L Sugar

A

D=Right; L=Left

26
Q

-ane ending changes when a ketone by:

27
Q

What has a higher boiling point, aldehydes and ketones, ether, or alkanes?

A

aldehydes and ketones; their dipole-dipole forces cause this. Alcohols are still higher.

28
Q

How many carbons attached to the Carbonyl group can you have for it to be soluble?

29
Q

Tollen’s test is what?

A

Silver mirror; oxidization with 2Ag+

30
Q

What is Benedict’s test?

A

Blue solution Cu2+, added then heated, turns brick red if sugars are present

31
Q

What reducing agents are used with aldehydes and ketones?

32
Q

Addition

A

Break pi bond; make 2 new sigma bonds

33
Q

Substitution

A

Small group or atom

34
Q

Elimination

A

Break 2 sigma bonds make a pi bond

35
Q

Condensation

A

2 organic molecules to 1, loose small molecule (Usually H2O)

36
Q

What do you get when an aldehyde or ketone reacts with an alcohol with a strong acid catalyst?

37
Q

acetal

A

semetrical

38
Q

hemiacetal

A

intermediate; alcohol on one side

39
Q

Cyclic hemiacetals form when?

A

The carbonyl group and the alcohol are on the same carbon chain

40
Q

An example of a chiral object is

41
Q

Stereoisomers

A

cis and trans not structural

42
Q

What is Furanose

43
Q

What is the structure of D-ribose

44
Q

What is the structural orientations of the Fischer productions

A

F R=HD; FL=HU

45
Q

What is the big difference in fructose

A

carbonyl group on the 2nd carbon

46
Q

what is an alpha sugar

A

first OH group is down

47
Q

What is a beta sugar

A

first OH group is up

48
Q

What is equilibrium for Beta and alpha?

A

B=64%; a=36%

49
Q

Pyranose

A

6 ring with an O

50
Q

What is the sure way to tell between acid/base and redox?

A

Net effect of the e- being pulled away from the C or C-O bonds vs. C-H bonds added and subtracted

51
Q

Which of the following is NOT a reducing sugar Maltose, Lactose, Fructose, Glucose or Sucrose?

52
Q

What are polysaccharides in animals called?

53
Q

What are polysaccharides in plants called?

A

Amylose, Amylopectin, and Cellulose

Intro Bio-Organic Chemistry (1 decks)

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