Exam 2 Review Flashcards
What’s the difference between rocks and rfms?
A rock is any solid mass of mineral (or like).
A rfm must have those essential characteristics:
(Naturally occurring, solid, inorganic, orderly structure, definite composition)
Essential characteristics of a rfm
Occur naturally Inorganic Solid Orderly internal structure Definitely chemical structure
What is the most common rfm forming group?
Silicate group
What are the main ways rfms are classified?
By their:
Hardness (soft being mica, hard like olivine or Quartz)
Optical properties (opaque, diffused like Quartz, transparent lik muscovite)
Crystal structure (monocline like muscovite)
Cleavage (how it breaks off)
Streak (on a ceramic tile)
Colour (yellow green olivine or light feldspar)
Which feldspar is pink and which is white?
Orthoclase is pink
Plagioclase is white
What rfm does potassium primarily come from?
Micas and amd orthoclase feldspars
Which rfms are in the ferro magnesium group?
The dark ones
Olivine
Augite
Horneblende (amphibole)
Biotite
What rfm are I the non ferro magnesium group?
The light ones
Muscovite
Feldspar (Orthoclase and plagioclase)
Quartz
How’s hardness measured?
MOHs scale
In what part of earth are rocks differentiated and formed?
Crust and outer 100km
What is primarily responsible for recycling rocks on earths surface?
Weathering. Plate tectonics is partly responsible just cause it releases and water and stuff to make weathering possible.
What kind of rock is formed from cooling and solidification of magma, what are some examples?
Igneous rock
Ex. Andosite, obsidian, rhyolite, pumice, basalt, gabbro
What kind of rocks are formed from heating, pressure and chemical action on igneous rock? What are some examples?
Metamorphic rock.
Ex. Slate, sheist, gneiss, marble, quartzite
What kind of rock is formed from weathering and erosion/deposition/consolidation/compaction of igneous rock? What are some examples?
Sedimentary rock
Ex. Shale, sandstone, conglomerate, limestone, mudstone
