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Urban Spaces > Exam 2 Review > Flashcards

Exam 2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Ise Shrines

A

Shinto Tradition

  • most famous shrine in Japan
  • Naiku (inner)
  • Gekku (outer)
  • Japanese religion
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2
Q

Shinto

A
  • Polythesistic religion
    • deities all over the world
  • Animistic religion
    • belief that all of nature is inhabited by spirits
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3
Q

Kami

A

Gods or spirits who can grant us favors if we treat them right

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4
Q

Shime-nawa

A
  • use of a rope to define a space
  • indicates what is inside is special or sacred
  • very powerful cultural concept
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5
Q

Gohei

A
  • jagged bits of paper

- thought to be “lightening rods that attract the kami

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6
Q

Torri

A
  • Shinto piece of architecture
  • light/flimsy gate
  • signifies sacred space where kami are thought to dwell
  • sakai branches and gohei will often be attached to these
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7
Q

Partial Revelation

A
  • sacred thing is only partially revealed to preserve sacredness
  • wait outside shrine until cloth blows up from breeze so you can see inside because it is so sacred
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8
Q

Spatial Segregation

A

-the concept of concentricity by progressing through a series of layers to heighten the importance of the inner thing (passing under torii gates)

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9
Q

Site Alternation

A

Every 20 years, they dismantle the shrine and rebuild it with new materials in an alternate site.

  • always meant to be fresh, new, clean, and pure
  • believed to restore the power of the deity
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10
Q

Zen Buddhism

A
  • introduced in 12th century from China

- physical world is an illusion, realization through meditation is fundamental to enlightenment

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11
Q

Zazen

A

Type of Zen meditation that is typically the primary religious practice

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12
Q

Koan

A

question or puzzle unsolvable by rational thought

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13
Q

Ku

A

Emptiness

-a container or boundary with nothing inside

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14
Q

Mu

A

Nothingness

-infinite nothingness

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15
Q

Ma

A

The space between

-the arrangement of objects

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16
Q

Yohaku-no-bi

A

the beauty of extra whiteness

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17
Q

Kare-sansui

A

dry garden

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18
Q

Shakkei

A

making use of the surrounding landscape in the design of a garden

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19
Q

Ryoan-ji, 15thC

A
  • most famous garden
  • flat typography
  • open, all natural materials
  • high integrity (uninterrupted wall, completely enclosed)
  • abrupt edges (meet at right angles)
20
Q

Daitoku-ji: Daisen-in 17thC

A

Temple Interior: Tea House

-journey toward enlightenment

21
Q

Two mounds in Daisen-in garden

A

Shinto doubling- both become refreshed

22
Q

Siena (It): Piazza del Campo 12th-14thC

A
  • irregular shapes
  • typical to not be planned and follow typography
  • organic
23
Q

City of Luca

A
  • irregular shapes

- built organically

24
Q

Fuedalism

A
  • system of government in Medieval Europe

- Kings held most power and they granted land in exchange for soldiers

25
Q

Commune

A

a group of people living together and sharing possessions and responsibilities

26
Q

Setback

A

distance from which a building or structure is set back from the road

27
Q

Cornice Lines

A

any prominent, continuous, horizontally projecting feature surmounting a wall or other construction, or dividing it horizontally for compositional purposes.
-typically decorative molding that crowns a building

28
Q

Facade

A

the face of a building, especially the principal front that looks onto a street or open space.

29
Q

Bastide

A

Fortified town

30
Q

Piazza del Campo

-how does the design focus our attention on the tower and how does it symbolize governance?

A
  • edge is continuous and uniform
  • uniform facades match town hall
  • lines slope inward like a theater
31
Q

Singularity

A

qualities that identify an element, make it remarkable, noticeable, vivid, recognizable…contrast (of surface, form, intensity, complexity, size, use, spatial location) to the immediate visible surroundings, or to the observer’s experience

32
Q

Form Simplicity

A

clarity and simplicity of visible form in the geometrical sense, limitation of parts

33
Q

Continuity

A

continuance of edge or surface, nearness of parts, similarity or harmony of surface, form, or use, as in common building material, repetitive pattern of windows

34
Q

Directional Differentiation

A

asymmetries, gradients, etc. which differentiate one end from another (as on a path going uphill, away from the sea and toward the center) or one side from another. These qualities are heavily used in structuring on the larger scale.

35
Q

Dominance

A

dominance of one part over another by a means of size, intensity, or interest

36
Q

Visual Scope

A

qualities which increase the range and penetration of vision, either actually or symbolically. These include transparencies (as with glass or buildings on stilts); overlaps (as when structures appear behind others); vistas and panoramas which increase the depth of vision (as on axial streets, broad open spaces, high view)
-low scope (restricted experience, not connected to rest of city)

37
Q

Vista

A

a view along an axis

-straight line view

38
Q

Terminus

A

visual stop at the end of a vista

39
Q

Axial Extension

A

central axis visually connected to the larger setting

40
Q

Italian Piazzas: Rome
Piazza del Camplidoglio
Piazza San Pietro

A

how was organic space turned into more planned, symmetrical one– vista, terminus, axial extension

41
Q

Outdoor Room

A

Qualities:

  • high continuity
  • high uniformity
  • like we are in one room with a continuous edge
42
Q

Laws of the Indies

A
  • Spanish settlement policy
  • 1st American planning code
  • main square from which streets run to gates
  • implies a grid plan
43
Q

Land Ordinance of 1785

A

Land to be surveyed into square townships, further sub-divided for resale by settlers and speculators

44
Q

How did the designers of these plans introduced variety into the American grid?

A

by adding space between the grid of the community using a vlliage green and common space. This allowed for the space to have a more open feel to it rather than being crammed together and confusing

45
Q

Palisade, common, green

A

A fence of pales forming a defense barrier or fortification

Urban Spaces (2 decks)

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