Exam 2 Review

Question 1

Ise Shrines

Answer 1

Shinto Tradition

• most famous shrine in Japan
• Naiku (inner)
• Gekku (outer)
• Japanese religion

Question 2

Shinto

Answer 2

• Polythesistic religion
  
  • deities all over the world
• Animistic religion
  
  • belief that all of nature is inhabited by spirits

Question 3

Kami

Answer 3

Gods or spirits who can grant us favors if we treat them right

Question 4

Shime-nawa

Answer 4

• use of a rope to define a space
• indicates what is inside is special or sacred
• very powerful cultural concept

Question 5

Gohei

Answer 5

• jagged bits of paper

- thought to be “lightening rods that attract the kami

Question 6

Torri

Answer 6

• Shinto piece of architecture
• light/flimsy gate
• signifies sacred space where kami are thought to dwell
• sakai branches and gohei will often be attached to these

Question 7

Partial Revelation

Answer 7

• sacred thing is only partially revealed to preserve sacredness
• wait outside shrine until cloth blows up from breeze so you can see inside because it is so sacred

Question 8

Spatial Segregation

Answer 8

-the concept of concentricity by progressing through a series of layers to heighten the importance of the inner thing (passing under torii gates)

Question 9

Site Alternation

Answer 9

Every 20 years, they dismantle the shrine and rebuild it with new materials in an alternate site.

• always meant to be fresh, new, clean, and pure
• believed to restore the power of the deity

Question 10

Zen Buddhism

Answer 10

• introduced in 12th century from China

- physical world is an illusion, realization through meditation is fundamental to enlightenment

Question 11

Zazen

Answer 11

Type of Zen meditation that is typically the primary religious practice

Question 12

Koan

Answer 12

question or puzzle unsolvable by rational thought

Question 13

Ku

Answer 13

Emptiness

-a container or boundary with nothing inside

Question 14

Mu

Answer 14

Nothingness

-infinite nothingness

Question 15

Ma

Answer 15

The space between

-the arrangement of objects

Question 16

Yohaku-no-bi

Answer 16

the beauty of extra whiteness

Question 17

Kare-sansui

Answer 17

dry garden

Question 18

Shakkei

Answer 18

making use of the surrounding landscape in the design of a garden

Question 19

Ryoan-ji, 15thC

Answer 19

• most famous garden
• flat typography
• open, all natural materials
• high integrity (uninterrupted wall, completely enclosed)
• abrupt edges (meet at right angles)

Question 20

Daitoku-ji: Daisen-in 17thC

Answer 20

Temple Interior: Tea House

-journey toward enlightenment

Question 21

Two mounds in Daisen-in garden

Answer 21

Shinto doubling- both become refreshed

Question 22

Siena (It): Piazza del Campo 12th-14thC

Answer 22

• irregular shapes
• typical to not be planned and follow typography
• organic

Question 23

City of Luca

Answer 23

• irregular shapes

- built organically

Question 24

Fuedalism

Answer 24

• system of government in Medieval Europe

- Kings held most power and they granted land in exchange for soldiers

Question 25

Commune

Answer 25

a group of people living together and sharing possessions and responsibilities

Question 26

Setback

Answer 26

distance from which a building or structure is set back from the road

Question 27

Cornice Lines

Answer 27

any prominent, continuous, horizontally projecting feature surmounting a wall or other construction, or dividing it horizontally for compositional purposes. -typically decorative molding that crowns a building

Question 28

Facade

Answer 28

the face of a building, especially the principal front that looks onto a street or open space.

Question 29

Bastide

Answer 29

Fortified town

Question 30

Piazza del Campo | -how does the design focus our attention on the tower and how does it symbolize governance?

Answer 30

- edge is continuous and uniform - uniform facades match town hall - lines slope inward like a theater

Question 31

Singularity

Answer 31

qualities that identify an element, make it remarkable, noticeable, vivid, recognizable...contrast (of surface, form, intensity, complexity, size, use, spatial location) to the immediate visible surroundings, or to the observer's experience

Question 32

Form Simplicity

Answer 32

clarity and simplicity of visible form in the geometrical sense, limitation of parts

Question 33

Continuity

Answer 33

continuance of edge or surface, nearness of parts, similarity or harmony of surface, form, or use, as in common building material, repetitive pattern of windows

Question 34

Directional Differentiation

Answer 34

asymmetries, gradients, etc. which differentiate one end from another (as on a path going uphill, away from the sea and toward the center) or one side from another. These qualities are heavily used in structuring on the larger scale.

Question 35

Dominance

Answer 35

dominance of one part over another by a means of size, intensity, or interest

Question 36

Visual Scope

Answer 36

qualities which increase the range and penetration of vision, either actually or symbolically. These include transparencies (as with glass or buildings on stilts); overlaps (as when structures appear behind others); vistas and panoramas which increase the depth of vision (as on axial streets, broad open spaces, high view) -low scope (restricted experience, not connected to rest of city)

Question 37

Vista

Answer 37

a view along an axis | -straight line view

Question 38

Terminus

Answer 38

visual stop at the end of a vista

Question 39

Axial Extension

Answer 39

central axis visually connected to the larger setting

Question 40

Italian Piazzas: Rome Piazza del Camplidoglio Piazza San Pietro

Answer 40

how was organic space turned into more planned, symmetrical one-- vista, terminus, axial extension

Question 41

Outdoor Room

Answer 41

Qualities: - high continuity - high uniformity - like we are in one room with a continuous edge

Question 42

Laws of the Indies

Answer 42

- Spanish settlement policy - 1st American planning code - main square from which streets run to gates - implies a grid plan

Question 43

Land Ordinance of 1785

Answer 43

Land to be surveyed into square townships, further sub-divided for resale by settlers and speculators

Question 44

How did the designers of these plans introduced variety into the American grid?

Answer 44

by adding space between the grid of the community using a vlliage green and common space. This allowed for the space to have a more open feel to it rather than being crammed together and confusing

Question 45

Palisade, common, green

Answer 45

A fence of pales forming a defense barrier or fortification