Exam #2 Review

Question 1

T/F: An Abstract data type (ADT) is a programmer-define data type that specifies the values the type can hold, the operations that can be performed on them, and how the operations will be implemented.

Answer 1

Fales

Question 2

T/F: In C++ and other object-oriented programming languages, ADTs are normally implemented as classes

Answer 2

True

Question 3

An object is a ___ of a class

Answer 3

instance

Question 4

T/F: A class declaration creates an object

Answer 4

False

Question 5

The bundling of an object’s data and functions together is called…

Answer 5

Encapsulation

Question 6

The ___ is used to protect important data

Answer 6

private access specifier

Question 7

Public members of a class object can be accessed from outside the class by using the…

Answer 7

dot operator

Question 8

A C++ member function that sets or changes the value stored in a member variable is called

Answer 8

a mutator

Question 9

T/F: A private member function may only be called from a function that is a member of the same class

Answer 9

True

Question 10

T/F: A constructor is a public class function that gets called whenever you want to re-initialize an object’s member data

Answer 10

False

Question 11

A constructor must have the same name as the…

Answer 11

class

Question 12

The name of a destructor must begin with…

Answer 12

a tilde (~)

Question 13

A class may have ___ default constructor(s) and ____ destructor(s)

Answer 13

only one, only one

Question 14

When a member function is defined outside of the class declaration, the function name must be qualified with the class name, followed by…

Answer 14

the scope resolution operator (::)

Question 15

If Square is the name of a class, which of the following statements would create a Square object named box…

Answer 15

Square box;

Question 16

If setSide is a Square class function and box is a Square object, which of the following statements would set the length of box’s side to 5

Answer 16

box.setSide(5);

Question 17

T/F: A class can have a member variable that is an instance of another class. This is called object composition

Answer 17

True

Question 18

A structure variable is similar to a class object in which way?

Answer 18

Its data can be initialized with a constructor, and it can be passed to a function or returned from a function, but not. It has member data that is usually private and accessed through public member functions

Question 19

When an object or structure variable is passed to a function as a constant reference

Answer 19

• More efficient than passing by value
• Function cannot make any changes to the member variables
• Function accesses the original object, rather than a copy of it

Question 20

What will the following code segment display?
enum Season {Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter} favoriteSeason;
favoriteSeason = Summer;
cout &laquo_space;favoriteSeason;

Answer 20

1

Question 21

Unlike regular variables, arrays can hold multiple….

Answer 21

values

Question 22

T/F: The amount of memory used by an array depends solely on the number of elements the array can hold

Answer 22

False

Question 23

To access an array element, use the array name and the element’s…

Answer 23

subscript

Question 24

T/F: If a C++ program contains the following array definition
int score[10];
the following statement would store 100 in the first array element;
score[1]=100;

Answer 24

False

Question 25

The statement
int grades[ ] = { 100, 90, 99, 80 };
is an example of

Answer 25

implicit array sizing

Question 26

What statements would correctly initialize the value variable…

Answer 26

int value(8);
int value{8};
int values = 8;

Question 27

By using the same __ you can build relationships between data stored in two or more arrays

Answer 27

subscript

Question 28

To step through a one-dimensional array, accessing the elements one by one, it would be most appropriate to use ___ loop

Answer 28

a for loop

Question 29

T/F: Arrays can be passed to functions, but individual array elements cannot be

Answer 29

False

Question 30

When an array is passed to a functions, it is actually __ the array that is passed

Answer 30

the starting memory address of

Question 31

T/F: When you pass an array as an argument to a function, the function can modify the contents of the array

Answer 31

True

Question 32

A two-dimensional array can be viewed as

Answer 32

a table with rows and columns

Question 33

The elements of an array can be

Answer 33

• structures
• strings
• objects

Question 34

T/F: An element of a two-dimensional array is referenced by the array name and two subscripts, first the element row number and then the element column number

Answer 34

True

Question 35

The following statement
for(int val : myArray) cout &laquo_space;val &laquo_space;” “;
is an example of a(n)

Answer 35

range-based for loop

Question 36

What does the following statement do?
typedef int oneDArray[20];

Answer 36

It makes onDArray an alias for a data type that hold 20 integers

Question 37

T/F: When you create a vector it is unnecessary to specify how many elements it will hold because it will expand in size as you add new values to it

Answer 37

True

Question 38

T/F: The range-based for loop may be used with arrays, but not with vectors

Answer 38

False

Question 39

T/F: If employee is an array of objects with a public member function named setHourlyWage, the following statement correctly calls this method for employee[2].
employee.setHourlyWage2;

Answer 39

False

Question 40

The __, also known as the address operator, returns the memory address of a variable

Answer 40

ampersand (&)

Question 41

With pointer variables, you can ___ manipulate data stored in other variables

Answer 41

indirectly

Question 42

T/F: With pointer variables you can access, but you cannot modify, data in other variables

Answer 42

False

Question 43

The code segment int *ptr; has the same meaning as ___

Answer 43

int * ptr;

Question 44

When you work with a dereference pointer, you are actually working with

Answer 44

the variable whose address is stored in the pointer variable

Question 45

T/F: An array name is a pointer constant because the address it represents cannot be changed during run-time

Answer 45

True

Question 46

____ can be used as pointers

Answer 46

Array names

Question 47

With arithmetic operations can be performed on pointers

Answer 47

Addition, subtraction, preincrement, and postincrement

Question 48

A pointer may be initialized with

Answer 48

the address of an existing object of the appropriate type

Question 49

The statement double *num;

Answer 49

defines a pointer variable called num

Question 50

When the less than ( < ) operator is used between two pointer variables, the expression is testing whether

Answer 50

the address of the first variable comes before the address of the second variable in the computer’s memory

Question 51

Assuming that arr is an array identifier, the statement sum += *arr;

Answer 51

adds the value stored in arr[0] to sum.

Question 52

T/F: Memory cannot be allocated after a program is already running

Answer 52

False

Question 53

The delete operator should only be used on pointers that

Answer 53

point to storage allocated by the new operator

Question 54

A function may return pointer, but the programmer must ensure that the pointer

Answer 54

is pointing to an object that is still valid after the return of the function

Question 55

T/F: Apointer with the value 0 (zero) is called the NULL pointer

Answer 55

True

Question 56

Which of the following statements correctly deletes a dynamically-allocated array pointed to by p?

Answer 56

delete [] p;

Question 57

T/F: It is legal to subtract a pointer variable from another pointer variable

Answer 57

True

Question 58

The term pointer can be used interchangeable with

Answer 58

address

Question 59

T/F: The expression s->m has the same meaning as (*s).m

Answer 59

True

Question 60

T/F: The expression s->m is meaningful only when s if a pointer to a structure and m is a member of the structure

Answer 60

True

Question 61

You may use the type pointer to a structure as the type of a

Answer 61

• structure member
• function parameter
• function return type

Question 62

If arr is an array identifier and k is an integer, the expression arr[k] is equivalent to

Answer 62

*(arr + k)

Question 63

To dereference a structure pointer and simultaneously access a member of the structure, the appropriate operator to use is

Answer 63

the structure pointer operator, ->

Question 64

A function may return a pointer, but the programmer must ensure that the pointer

Answer 64

is pointing to an object that is still valid after the return of the function

Question 65

T/F: A pointer with the value 0 (zero) is called the NULL pointer

Answer 65

True

Question 66

Suppose that a function dynamically allocates a block of memory with a local pointer variable p pointing to the allocated block. Suppose further that there are no other pointers referencing that block of memory, and the function returns without doing a delete on p. Then

Answer 66

the program will suffer from memory leaks

Question 67

The set of operations supported by the unique_ptr class include

Answer 67

the dereferencing operator * and ->

Question 68

The statement shared_ptr<int> p(new int); involves</int>

Answer 68

two allocations of two different dynamic blocks of memory

Question 69

T/F: A C++ unique pointer (unique_ptr) can be initialized with the value of another unique pointer.

Answer 69

False

Question 70

T/F: You can pass by value when passing a C++ unique pointer to a function

Answer 70

False

Question 71

A C++ smart pointer

Answer 71

is used to ensure that memory that is no longer in use is automatically deleted

Question 72

Memory leaks occur in a program when

Answer 72

a programmer fails to use delete on a pointer whose memory was allocated by the new operator

Question 73

Beginning with C++11, the recommended value for a pointer whose value is invalid is

Answer 73

nullptr

Question 74

Each object of a class has its own copy of the class’s

Answer 74

instance member variables

Question 75

A ___ member variable may be accessed before any object of the class have been declared

Answer 75

static

Question 76

T/F: When a class declares an entire class as its friend, the friendship status is reciprocal. That is, each class’s member functions have free access to the other’s private members

Answer 76

False

Question 77

The ___ operator may be used to assign one object to another

Answer 77

=

Question 78

T/F: By default, when an object is assigned to another, each member of one object is copied to its counterpart in the other project

Answer 78

True

Question 79

C++ requires that a copy constructor’s parameter be

Answer 79

a reference to an object

Question 80

C++ allows you to overload

Answer 80

operators and functions

Question 81

When a class contains a pointer to dynamically allocated memory, it is a good idea to equip the class with

Answer 81

a copy constructor

Question 82

T/F: When a class contains a pointer to dynamically allocated memory, it is a good idea to have the class overload the assignment operator

Answer 82

True

Question 83

T/F: If you overload the prefix ++ operator, the postfix ++ operator is automatically overloaded also

Answer 83

False

Question 84

A good reason for overloading an operator is to enable it to

Answer 84

be used with types define by the programmer

Question 85

The process of having a class contain an instance of another class is know as

Answer 85

object composition

Question 86

T/F: If a function f is a friend of a class A, and the class A is a friend of a class B, then the function f is able to access private members of B

Answer 86

False

Question 87

T/F: C++ permits you to overload the sizeof operator

Answer 87

False

Question 88

T/F: A static member variable can be used when there are no objects of the class in existence

Answer 88

True

Question 89

If you do not furnish a __ , an automatic memberwise copy will be performed when one object is assigned to another object

Answer 89

overloaded assignment operator

Question 90

It is a good idea to make a copy constructor’s parameters __ by specifying the ___ keyword in the parameter list

Answer 90

constant, const

Question 91

A reason to overload the ___ is to write classes that have array-like behaviors

Answer 91

square brackets []

Question 92

T/F: When you overload the &laquo_space;operator, you must also overload the&raquo_space; operator

Answer 92

False

Question 93

T/F: You can overload the conditional operator to make it function as an unconditional operator

Answer 93

False

Question 94

___ allows us to create new classes based on existing classes

Answer 94

inheritance

Question 95

When you derive a class from an existing class, you

Answer 95

can add both new data and new functions

Question 96

A situation in which every object of a class A has a pointer to an object of a class B, and the objects of the class B may outlive object of class A, is called

Answer 96

aggregation

Question 97

___ members of a base class are never accessible to a derived class

Answer 97

Private

Question 98

The ___ class constructor is called before the __ class constructor

Answer 98

base, derived

Question 99

T/F: In an inheritance situation, you can’t pass arguments to a base class constructor

Answer 99

False

Question 100

T/F: A derived class may become a base class, if another class is derived from it

Answer 100

True

Question 101

In the statement class Car:public Vehicle, which is the base class?

Answer 101

Vehicle

Question 102

Arguments are passed to the base class destructor function by the ___ class ___ function

Answer 102

derived, destructor

Question 103

T/F: A member function of a derived class may not have the same name as a member function of a base class

Answer 103

False

Question 104

T/F: A derived class may not have any classes derived from it

Answer 104

False

Question 105

T/F: Some C++ operators cannot be overloaded by the programmer

Answer 105

True

Question 106

The library function move() can be used to

Answer 106

transfer ownership of a managed object from one unique_ptr object to another

Question 107

T/F: If an rvalue reference refers to a memory location, that memory location becomes an lvalue

Answer 107

True

Question 108

If a member variable is declared ___, all objects of that class share access to that variable

Answer 108

static

Question 109

A member function that is declared __ cannot use the this pointer

Answer 109

static

Question 110

T/F: A static member function can be called independently of any object of the class

Answer 110

True

Question 111

A ___ function is not a member of a class, but it has access to the private members of the class

Answer 111

friend

Question 112

T/F: It is possible to declare an entire class as a friend of another class

Answer 112

True

Question 113

A ___ is a special function that is called whenever a new object is created and initialized with data from another object of the same class

Answer 113

copy constructor

Question 114

If you do not furnish a ___ for a class, for a default will be provided for you by the compiler

Answer 114

• copy constructor
• constructor
• assignment operator

Question 115

When you redefine the way a standard operator works when it is used with class objects, you have ___ the operator

Answer 115

overloaded

Question 116

To overload the + operator, you would write a function called

Answer 116

operator +

Question 117

The ___ is a special built-in pointer that is available to a class’s instance member functions

Answer 117

this pointer

Question 118

T/F: You may overload any C++ operator, and you may use the operator function to define non-standard operators, such as @ and ^

Answer 118

False

Question 119

T/F: The this pointer is a special built-in pointer that is automatically passed as a hidden argument to all instance member functions

Answer 119

True

Question 120

Object composition is useful for creating a ___ relationship between classes

Answer 120

has-a

Question 121

An ___ operator can work programmer-defined data type

Answer 121

overloaded

Question 122

T/F: In C++ if you overload the < operator, you must also overload the > operator

Answer 122

False

Question 123

T/F: When you overload an operator, you cannot change the number of operands taken by the operator

Answer 123

True

Question 124

T/F: A static member function cannot be called if no objects of the class exist

Answer 124

False

Question 125

T/F: The structure member selector operator . cannot be overloaded

Answer 125

True

Question 126

T/F: he this pointer is automatically passed to static member functions of a class

Answer 126

False

Question 127

When overloading the operator++ ___ is used to distinguish preincrement from postincrement

Answer 127

a dummy integer parameter

Question 128

To dereference an object pointer and access one of the object’s members, use the

Answer 128

-> operator

Question 129

T/F: A constructor that takes a single parameter of a type other than its class is called a convert constructor

Answer 129

True

Question 130

In an inheritance situation, the new class that you create from an existing class is known as the

Answer 130

both derived class and child class

Question 131

The base class’s ___ affects the way its members are inherited by the derived class

Answer 131

access specification

Question 132

Protected members of a base class are like ___, with the exception that they may be accessed by derived classes

Answer 132

private members

Question 133

T/F: The base class access specification can be viewed as a filter that base class members must pass through when becoming inherited members of a derived class

Answer 133

True

Question 134

The ___ class destructor is called before the __ class destructor

Answer 134

derived, base

Question 135

T/F: When arguments must be passed to the base class constructor, they are passed from the derived class constructor’s header line

Answer 135

True

Question 136

___ is commonly used to extend a class, or to give it additional capabilities

Answer 136

Inheritance

Question 137

In the statement class Car:protected Vehicle, which is the derived class?

Answer 137

Car

Question 138

In the statement class Car:protected Vehicle, what is being protected?

Answer 138

Base class members

Question 139

T/F: A base class cannot contain a pointer to one of its derived classes

Answer 139

True

Question 140

An lvalue is

Answer 140

a memory location that is associated with a name that can be used by different parts of the program to access the memory location

Question 141

An rvalue is

Answer 141

a temporary value that cannot be accessed from a different part of the program