Exam 2 Review

Question 1

On a permanent anterior crown, what entity has the smallest surface area?

Answer 1

Incisal Edge

Question 2

What is the sequence of the first evidence of calcification of Primary Dentition?

Answer 2

• Central Incisor
• 1st Molar
• Lateral Incisor
• Canine
• 2nd Molar

Question 3

What are the first primary teeth roots to completely form and in how long?

Answer 3

In 1.5 years:

• Maxillary Central Incisors
• Mandibular Central Incisors
• Mandibular Lateral Incisors

Question 4

What is happening at six years of age?

What permanent crowns have completed calcification?

Answer 4

• Anterior tooth spacing has stopped expanding
• Permanent 1st molars erupt (but not completely calcified)
• All crowns on the permanent incisors, first premolars and first molars have completely calcified

Question 5

What is the order of calcification in permanent mandibular teeth? (from first to last)

Answer 5

1. First molar
2. Central/Lateral incisors
3. Canine
4. Premolars
5. 2nd Molar
6. 3rd Molar

Question 6

What is the order of eruption of mandibular permanent teeth? (from first to last)

Answer 6

1. 1st Molar
2. Central Incisor
3. Lateral Incisor
4. Canine
5. 1st Premolar
6. 2nd Premolar
7. 2nd Molar
8. 3rd Molar

Question 7

At 8 years of age, what is going on with the 3rd molars?

Answer 7

The 3rd Molars have not initiated calcification (happens at 9 years)

** This will be the only INCORRECT one **

Question 8

What type of mammalian phylogenetic development has 3 cusps in a primary triangle?

Answer 8

Tritubercular Molar

Question 9

What are the facial reference angles for each of the mandibular teeth?

Answer 9

• Central Incisor - 2 degrees
• Lateral Incisor - 0 degrees
• Canine - 6 degrees
• First Premolar - 6 degrees
• Second Premolar - 9 degrees
• First Molar - 10 degrees
• Second Molar - 14 degrees

Question 10

In the maxillary anterior teeth, what are the locations of the proximal contacts?

Answer 10

• Midline - Incisal third
• Distal of Central - Junction of incisal & middle thirds
• Mesial of Lateral - Junction of incisal & middle thirds
• Distal of Lateral - Middle third
• Mesial of Canine - Junction of incisal & middle thirds
• Distal of Canine - Middle third

Question 11

Which periodontal fibers are known to resist forceful impaction of a tooth into the alveolus, consistent with trauma?

Answer 11

Oblique Fibers

Question 12

What is the smallest and largest embrasure in the facial view of the maxillary posterior teeth?

Answer 12

• Smallest - occlusal embrasure between _1st and 2nd Molars _
• Largest - occlusal embrasure between the Canine and 1st Premolar

Question 13

What do Primary Teeth have that are different than Permanent Teeth?

Answer 13

• Thinner dentin
• Thinner enamel
• Taller pulp horns
• **Proportionally larger pulp chambers**

Question 14

The Primary Maxillary Lateral Incisor in the incisal view.

1. ) How does the crown taper?
2. ) What is the incisal ridge curved towards?
3. ) The distolingual profile is slightly _______?
4. ) Describe the lingual fossa.
5. ) Is there a cingulum?

Answer 14

1. Lingually
2. The facial surface
3. Concave
4. Modestly deep
5. Yes!

Question 15

On the occlusal view of the Primary Maxillary Second Molar -

1. ) How many cusps are on this tooth?
2. ) _What is the larges_t/smallest cusp?
3. ) What is the shape of the crown outline?
4. ) What does the distinct transverse ridge involve?
5. ) What does the transverse groove of the oblique ridge cross and connect?

Answer 15

1. 5 cusps
2. Largest - Mesiolingual, smallest - Cusp of Carabelli
3. Somewhat Rhomboidal - distal crown convergence
4. Traingular ridges of the mesially-positioned cusps
5. Crosses the oblique ridge and connects the central pit with the distal pit

Question 16

In the facial view of the Primary Mandibular First Molar -

1. ) The mesial surface outline is relatively ____?
2. ) Where are the proximal contact areas?
3. ) Which cusp is larger and taller?
4. ) Where does the cervical line point on the mesial half of the tooth?
5. ) Which root is much longer and more straight?

Answer 16

1. Flat (not convex)
2. Occlusal portion of the middle third (almost to the junction
3. Mesiofacial > Distofacial
4. Apically onto the mesial root surface
5. Mesial root > Distal root

Question 17

Dental Anomalies

Fusion is a condition when 1.) __________, is the union of two adjacent 2.) __________, and always involves 3.) ___________?

Concrescence is the 4.) __________ of roots of approximating teeth by way of the deposition of only 5.) ____________?

Answer 17

1. Two roots combine into one crown
2. Tooth germs
3. Dentin
4. Superficial union
5. Cementum

Question 18

Permanent Maxillary Central Incisor - Incisal View

1. The crest of the cingulum is ___________ to the mediodistal bisecting plane of the crown.
2. The facial surface outline between the mesiofacial and distofacial line angles is __________.

Answer 18

1. Slightly Distal
2. Relatively Straight

Question 19

When differentiating between Maxillary Central & Lateral Incisors - what will help you differentiate, what will not?

Answer 19

Will help differentiate:

• Size
• Angularity
• Root curvature

Will NOT help differentiate:

• Crests of Cingulum on both incisors
• Presence of lingual fossa

Question 20

In the mesial view of the Permanent Mandibular Lateral Incisors -

1.) The incisal ridge will be _______ to the faciolingual long axis bisector of the tooth.

**The crest of the 2.) _______ cervical ridge will be higher incisally than the crest of the 3.)________ cervical ridge.

The cervical line curves 4.)________ to a lower level on the distal surface than on the mesial.

A broad root depression will exist for 5.) _________?

Answer 20

1. Lingual
2. Facial
3. Lingual
4. Incisally
5. Most of the root length

Question 21

In the distal view of the Permanent Maxillary Canine -

The cusp tip is aligned with the 1.) _________ and the 2.)__________?

There is a pronounced concavity, which is 3.) ________ to the distal contact area.

Answer 21

1. Apex of the root (root tip)
2. Height of curvature of the cervical line
3. Cervical

Question 22

Incisal View - Permanent Mandibular Canine

1. What is the shape of the crown outline?

The crown is bulkier on the 2.) ________ than on the 3.) _______? (it tapers toward the 4.) _______)

5. Which measurement is greater, the faciolingual or the mesiodistal?

Answer 22

1. Diamond - like the maxillary canine
2. Facial
3. Lingual
4. Lingual
5. Faciolingual

Question 23

Permanent Maxilary First Premolar - Mesial View

The proximal contact area is located just cervical to the 1.) _________ and facial to the 2.) ___________.

Answer 23

1. Facial segment of the mesial marginal ridge
2. Mesial marginal developmental groove

Question 24

Permanent Maxillary First Premolar - Occlusal

1. ) Where is the facial cusp tip in regards to the mesiodistal bisector?
2. ) The cusp tip is also _______ the distance from the facial outline to the faciolingual bisector of the crown.

Answer 24

1. Distal
2. One-third

Question 25

Permanent Maxillary Second Premolar - Occlusal 1. ) How are the mesial and distal traingular fossae shaped? 2. ) When compared to the triangular fossae on the maxillary first premolar, where are the fossae located? Which gives them a 3.) _________ and 4.) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?

Answer 25

1. Irregularly Shaped 2. Nearer to the center of the tooth 3. Short Central Groove 4. Wide Marginal Ridges

Question 26

Permanent Mandibular First Premolar - Mesial View Where is the central groove positioned?

Answer 26

On the _LINGUAL_ portion of the crown

Question 27

Permanent Mandibular First Premolar - Occlusal View 1. How does the traingular ridge of the facial cusp compare to the traingular ridge of the lingual cusp?

Answer 27

1. The triangular ridge of the facial cusp is very long, lingual is very short Facial is much bigger

Question 28

Permanent Mandibular Premolars What are the ways to differentiate between 1st and 2nd Premolars? What will not help differentiate?

Answer 28

* Occlusal table shape * Number of cusps * Lingual groove presence * Central pit presence Would not help: * Central groove presence * Mesiolingual groove

Question 29

Permanent Maxillary First Molar - Facial view The lingual root is evident and is the 1.) __________ of the 3 roots by about 2.) \_\_\_\_\_\_. It's apex is in line with the 3.) ___________ when viewed from this aspect.

Answer 29

1. Longest 2. 1.0mm 3. Facial Groove _(not lined up with any cusp tip)_

Question 30

Permanent Maxillary First Molar - mesia view What are 2 (1., 2.) characteristics of the root surface depression? 3. ) What does it encompass? 4. ) Does the root surface depression come above the cervical line?

Answer 30

1. Relatively wide 2. Shallow 3. Cervical, Middle and Apical (small portion) third of the root 4. _No - it doesn't extend occlusally across the cervical line onto the crown. _

Question 31

Permanent Maxillary First Molar - distal view The apex of the lingual root is vertically positioned _between_ what?

Answer 31

The greatest lingual contour of the crown and the tip of the distolingual cusp \*\*\*Not lined up with any cusp tip\*\*\*

Question 32

Occlusal Aspect - Permanent Maxillary First Molar Each cusp has well developed cuspal ridges that extend 1.) _________ from the tip of the respective cusp. The longest cuspal ridge is the 2.) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_?

Answer 32

1. Laterally (mesially and distally) 2. Distal cusp ridge of the _Mesiolingual cusp_

Question 33

Permanent Maxillary Second Molar - Occlusal view There is no 1.) ________ on the maxillary second molars.

Answer 33

1. _Separate Distal Pit_ (from the distal triangular pit)

Question 34

What are the names of the pits on the _occlusal_ aspect of the Permanent Maxillary Third Molars?

Answer 34

* Central Pit * Mesial Triangular Pit * Distal Triangular Pit

Question 35

Permanent Mandibular First Molar - facial aspect What are the cusps from tallest to shortest?

Answer 35

* Mesiolingual * Mesiofacial * Distofacial * Distolingual * Distal

Question 36

Facial view - Permanent Mandibular First Molar 1. ) Where is the cervical ridge located? 2. ) Where is the lateral depression located? 3. ) How many facial grooves are there, and what are their names?

Answer 36

1. In the _Mesial 2/3rds_ of the mesiodistal width of the tooth 2. In the middle third _(not in cervical third)_ 3. 2 - Mesiofacial, Distofacial - neither of them cross the cervical line

Question 37

Permanent Mandibular First Molar - Mesial Aspect The lingual cusp tip is vertically lined up with what?

Answer 37

Lingual root ouline, in the _middle_ (_cervical_ - on slide) one-third of the root.

Question 38

Permanent Mandibular First Molar - Distal view What do the apices of the two roots line up with what?

Answer 38

No discernible anatomical entity

Question 39

Permanent Mandibular First Molar - Occlusal view What is the most facially and most mesially placed cusp tip?

Answer 39

* Facially - Distofacial cusp * Mesially - Mesiolingual cusp

Question 40

Permanent Mandibular Second Molar - Facial view Which cusp is slightly wider, the distofacial or the mesiofacial?

Answer 40

The _mesiofacial cusp_ is slightly **wider** than the _distofacial cusp. _

Question 41

Mesial view - Permanent Mandibular Second Molar **The facial outline of the crown has a 1.) _________ measurement than the lingual crown,** as it is measured from the 2.) _________ to the 3.) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 4. ) Which cusp tips are more pointed? 5. ) The groove crossing the mesial marginal ridge and the central groove are both located __________ to the faciolingual bisector.

Answer 41

1. **Longer** 2. Cervical Line 3. Respective Cusp Tip 4. The _lingual cusp_ tips are more pointed than the facial cusp tips 5. Lingual

Question 42

Occlusal - Permanent Mandibular Second Molar The central pit forms where the 1.) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, _______ and _______ grooves meet and is located on the 4.) ___________ half of the crown.

Answer 42

1. Facial, Lingual and Central grooves 2. Lingual

Question 43

Mesial view - Permanent Mandibular Third Molar What is the angle of the triangular ridges of both the facial and lingual cusps?

Answer 43

40 degrees

Question 44

Occlusal view - Permanent Mandibular Third Molar Which line angle is the most angled and sharpest?

Answer 44

Mesiolingual Line Angle

Question 45

Permanent Maxillary First Premolar - Mesial The length of the root trunk will vary but usually the 1.)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the root system will definitely present a facial and lingual root. This tooth has a deep 2.) __________ that crosses the 3.)\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 45

1. Apical 1/4 (bifurcation) 2. Root Depression 3. Cervical Line

Question 46

Lingual view - Permanent Maxillary First Molar There is a 1.) ________ developmental depression in the 2.) ___________ of the lingual (palatal) root that consistantly extends occlusally from the root surface and across the 3.) ___________ onto the 4.) ___________ of the crown.

Answer 46

1. Shallow 2. Middle one-third 3. Cervical line 4. Cervical third

Question 47

Permanent Maxillary Central Incisors 1. In the cervical cross-section, describe the pulp chamber. 2. From a facial view, how many distinct horns are in the pulp chamber?

Answer 47

1. It is wider on the facial aspect than on the lingual aspect 2. 3 distinct pulp horns

Question 48

Permanent Mandibular Canine What are the percentages of the following: One canal? Two canals? One root? Two Roots? 3 Canals?

Answer 48

* One Canal - 90% * Two Canals - 10% * One Root - 95% * Two Roots - 5% * _Three Canals - 0% _

Question 49

Maxillary First Premolar What are the following percentages? Two Canals? One Canal? Three Canals? Two Roots? One Root? Three Roots?

Answer 49

* Two Canals - 83% * One Canal - 12% * Three Canals - 2% * Two Roots - 75% * One Root - 23% * Three Roots - 2%

Question 50

Permanent Maxillary First Molar The percentage of time in the Mesiofacial root with two or more canals is what?

Answer 50

59.2%