Exam 2 Review Flashcards
Why do we do ROM?
-Prevent contractures
-Promote circulation
-Prevent pressure ulcers / injuries
-Prevent blood clots
Blood clot that forms in veins or arteries, forms blockage and can cause tissue death
Thrombus
A thrombus that breaks loose and travels, can cause tissue death to the brain
Embolus
A fast pulse is called _____?
Tachycardia
A slow pulse is called ____?
Bradycardia
What causes low BP and a weak pulse?
Any form of shock
Nutrient that provides energy
Carbohydrates
Nutrient that builds/repairs tissue and is most important for wound healing
Protein
Nutrient that increases oxygenation (allows blood to attach to oxygen)
Iron
What type of wound is a straight edge line and easily infected
Surgical wound
What type of wound has a jagged edge?
Laceration
What type of wound takes off the top layers of skin?
Abrasion
What is it called when a wound reopens?
Dehiscence
What is it called when the inside of a wound comes outside?
Evisceration
Type of drainage: pus, white blood cells
Purulent
Type of drainage: watery
Serous
Type of drainage: THICK blood
Sanguineous
Type of drainage: bloody and watery
Serosanguineous
Sign of female puberty
-hair growth
-menses
-changes in body shape
-moodiness
Signs of male puberty
-hair growth
-voice change
What types of enemas can a CNA give?
-mineral oil
-tap water
-soap suds
What position should the patient be in when giving them an enema?
Sims position
What types of enemas can a CNA NOT give?
Anything medicated
Key points when inserting a suppository:
-must go in at LEASE 1.5 inches (adult)
-push in along rectal wall (not up)
-melts quickly (don’t handle too long)
-use lubricant
What makes one prone to pressure ulcers?
-bed immobility
-lack of repositioning
-poor hygiene
-bony prominences
-dry skin
-too moistened skin (sitting in urine)
-thin skin
-malnutrition
What are the stages of pressure ulcers?
Stage 1 - redness, skin doesn’t blanch
Stage 2 - breaks on top of skin
What type of shock is caused by an allergic reaction?
Anaphylactic shock
What type of shock is caused from an infection from bacteria?
Septic shock
What kind of shock is low volume a.k.a. lack of fluid, loss of blood, dehydration, etc?
Hypovolemic shock
How often do you do oral care for an unconscious patient?
Every 2 hours
How often should hot therapy be removed?
Every 5 minutes
How often should cold therapy be removed?
Every 20 minutes
Who is more susceptible to burns?
Elderly and children
What type of therapy is used for swelling, inflammation, hypothermia, or to bring down a fever?
Cold therapy
Why do we have patients cough and deep breathe after surgery?
-expand alveoli / better O2 exchange
-prevent pneumonia / fluid buildup
What is an incentive spirometer?
A breathing measurement device
What device measures the amount of air inhaled?
Incentive spirometer
What is the normal fluid (cc) output for an adult in a 24 hour period?
1200-1500cc
Another word for retaining fluid
Edema
Another word for losing fluid and electrolytes
Dehydration
What color is normal urine?
Straw colored, clear, no particles
What color is hematuria (bleeding in bladder)?
Pink or tinged red
What would pink or tinged red urine indicate?
Hematuria (bleeding in bladder)
Sugar in urine indicates what?
Glycosuria
How often should catheter care be done?
At least once per day/shift
Blood that you can see in a stool is called what?
Melena
Blood that you CANNOT see in a stool is what?
Occult
How much stool is needed for a stool specimen?
2 tablespoons
How often do you take vital signs during post OP monitoring?
-every 15 minutes x 4
-every 30 minutes x 4
-every 1 hour x 4
-every 4 hours x 4
What do we monitor for during post OP monitoring?
-VS
-breathing
-wound dressings (bleeding)
-I&O
-pain level
-nausea / vomiting
-confusion
What is a Sequential compression device (SCD)?
Improves blood flow in the legs
Orthostatic hypotension is when
Patient experiences low blood pleasure when standing (too fast)
What is the CNA‘s responsibility in admission?
-belongings list
-prepare the room
-vital signs
-weights / measurements
-facility tour
How many breaths is a rescue breath?
One breath every 5 to 6 seconds
In CPR how often do you give breaths?
2 breaths every 30 compressions
Tympanic means
Inside the ear (taking temperature)
Temporal means
Across the forehead (taking temperature)
