Exam 2 Review

Question 1

Define the following: monoculture (how is the related to what is happening with children in the Northeast of Brazil?)

Answer 1

Monoculture: the cultivation of a single crop in a given area. In Brazil sugarcane is planted over and over again

Question 2

What topic does Scheper Hughes explore in “Culture, Scarcity, and Maternal Thinking?”

Answer 2

Hughes explores the intersection of culture, scarcity, and maternal thinking in her work. In particular, she investigates how mothers in impoverished communities conceptualize and navigate the challenges of scarcity, particularly in relation to their children’s well-being

Question 3

What does Scheper-Hughes argue about maternal practices? (are they innate or socially produced and what does this mean?)

Answer 3

He argued that they were socially produced like socioeconomic status

Question 4

How do men in the Alto de Cruzeiro participate in family life?

Answer 4

They do the outside work and less household and childcare

Question 5

What does Scheper-Hughes argue about infant and child mortality in the Third World?

Answer 5

infant and child mortality in the 3rd world is a problem of political economy not medical technology.

Question 6

Did women work before WW2 and if so, in what kind of jobs? What kind of jobs did women do during and after WW2?

Answer 6

Before WW2 women mostly were in jobs that were considered for women: domestic workers, nurses, caretakers, secretary, teachers, homemakers, etc.

Question 7

Did WW2 propaganda challenge sex stereotypes or perpetuate sex stereotypes?

Answer 7

The propaganda did not challenge sex role stereotypes but strengthened them

Question 8

Who was Rosie the Riveter?

Answer 8

a cultural icon representing the women who worked in factories and shipyards during WW2, contributing to the war effort by taking on traditionally male-dominated roles in the workforce.

Question 9

What challenges did Janet Bragg, an African American, face in pursuing her aviation career?

Answer 9

Denied her lessons and a license to fly and entry in the military nurse corps because the quota for Black nurses was filled

Question 10

Since African Americans served in WW2, did their access to rights change in the 1940s?

Answer 10

their access to rights did not significantly change in the 1940s. face widespread discrimination, segregation, and unequal treatment in various aspects of American society, including housing, education, employment, and voting rights.

Question 11

Why did images of women war workers emerge during WW2?

Answer 11

Labor shortages, propaganda and morale boosting, economic necessity, changing gender roles

Question 12

During WW2, over a thousand daycares were what?

Answer 12

subsidized by the federal government.

Question 13

Hispanic workers who could pass for white often changed their names why?

Answer 13

in order to have more access to work spaces and better pay.

Question 14

What job did most Puerto Ricans do during WW2?

Answer 14

Peurto Rican nurses and many were used as translators

Question 15

What happened with marriage and divorce before and after WW2?

Answer 15

After WW2 divorce rates was the highest in history in the united states

Question 16

What changed about the status of women in the military during the 1940s?

Answer 16

By 1948 women were recognized as a permanent part of the US Armed forces through the Women’s Armed services integration Act.

Question 17

What is the central theme of Lila Abu-Lughod’s work “Do Muslim WomenNeed Saving?

Answer 17

Questioning the assumption that Muslim women are universally oppressed and in need of saving by Western intervention.

Question 18

According to Abu-Lughod, what is problematic about Western discourses on Muslim women?

Answer 18

Essentialize and stereotype Muslim women as universally oppressed, ignoring the diverse realities of women’s lives in Muslim-majority societies and contributing to harmful interventionist narratives.

Question 19

How does Abu-Lughod challenge the idea of “saving” Muslim women?

Answer 19

emphasizing the agency and resilience of Muslim women themselves, urging for a more nuanced understanding of their experiences and advocating for approaches that prioritize solidarity, dialogue, and local empowerment over Western intervention.

Question 20

What does Abu-Lughod argue regarding the portrayal of Muslim women in Western media?

Answer 20

says that Western media often shows Muslim women as all being the same—oppressed and in need of help without showing how diverse their lives and experiences really are. She thinks this oversimplified view doesn’t give Muslim women credit for making choices and being strong in their own ways.

Question 21

Define the term cultural relativism.

Answer 21

not judging a culture to our own standards of what is right or wrong, strange or normal

Question 22

How does Abu-Lughod view cultural relativism in the context of women’s rights?

Answer 22

views cultural relativism as recognizing that women’s experiences and rights vary across cultures, and emphasizes the importance of understanding and respecting diverse cultural perspectives without imposing Western norms.

Question 23

According to Abu-Lughod, what is the impact of Western interventions on Muslim women’s rights movements?

Answer 23

Pushes negative stereotypes (elaborate more)

Question 24

How does Abu-Lughod view the concept of “choice” for Muslim women in the context of Western interventions?

Answer 24

Choice is a complicated philosophical thing and are we actually choosing that or are people planting that information

Question 25

What is the main idea of Angela Davis’s book “Are Prisons Obsolete”?

Answer 25

Angela Davis is for abolishment of the prison, better healthcare, restoring the justice department, acknowledges that racism exists, believes incarcenation on marginalized communities makes it harder.

Question 26

What does Angela Davis critique about the prison industrial complex?

Answer 26

Angela Davis critiques the prison industrial complex for perpetuating systemic inequalities, targeting marginalized communities, and prioritizing punishment over rehabilitation.

Question 27

What does Angela Davis argue are alternatives to incarceration?

Answer 27

Focus on reconsilliatory or restorative justice

Question 28

What does Davis argue about racial disparities in prison?

Answer 28

Davis argues that racial differences in prison populations show how the justice system unfairly targets and imprisons Black and Brown people more than others, often because of systemic racism.

Question 29

According to Davis, what effect does incarceration have on marginalized communities?

Answer 29

According to Davis, incarceration further marginalizes already disadvantaged communities, perpetuating cycles of poverty, trauma, and social exclusion.

Question 30

Define the term prison industrial complex.

Answer 30

where the prison system and industry overlap to create the growing problem of mass incarceration

Question 31

What role does capitalism play in the prison industrial complex?

Answer 31

Capitalism fuels the prison industrial complex by creating incentives for private companies to profit from incarceration through contracts for prison construction, services, and cheap labor.

Question 32

How does Davis view punishment within the prison industrial complex?

Answer 32

Davis views punishment within the prison industrial complex as prioritizing retribution over rehabilitation

Question 33

According to Davis, what is one consequence of incarcerating people?

Answer 33

The reinforcement of social inequalities and the perpetuation of cycles of poverty and marginalization.

Question 34

How does Angela Davis suggest addressing the root causes of crime and social inequality?

Answer 34

through systemic changes such as investing in education, healthcare, affordable housing, and employment opportunities, as well as promoting community-based restorative justice programs and addressing issues of poverty and racism.

Question 35

Define restorative justice.

Answer 35

a system of criminal justice which focuses on the rehabilitation of offenders through reconciliation with victims and the community at large.

Question 36

What do Brazilian politicians do when they hear about the struggles of the women of the Alto de Cruzeiro?

Answer 36

They give baby coffins in exchange for votes. They do not invest in the local economy or healthcare

Question 37

In Brazil, there is a mother-love motif. Women are celebrated in art, public ceremonies, music, folklore, and soap operas: T or F

Answer 37

True

Question 38

What is Angela Davis’s main question in “Are Prisons Obsolete”?

Answer 38

How can prisons be reformed to better serve society

Question 39

How do women of the Alto de Cruzeiro Brazil view their bodies and breast milk?

Answer 39

The women see their bodies as dried up and their milk as poisonous.

Question 40

What do Brazilian politicians do when they hear about the struggles of the women of the Alto de Cruzeiro?

Answer 40

They give baby coffins in exchange for votes. They do not invest in the local economy or healthcare.

Question 41

In Brazil, there is a mother-Love motif. Women are celebrated in art, public ceremonies, music, folklore, and soap operas. T or F

Answer 41

True

Question 42

What is the main question that Angela Davis poses in “Are Prisons Obsolete”

Answer 42

How can prisons be reformed to better serve society?