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public health 223 > Exam 2 review > Flashcards

Exam 2 review Flashcards

1
Q

A common mode of exposure to beryllium is?

A

Workers’ inhalation of beryllium in metal processing industries

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2
Q

Potential causes of lead exposure include

A

A.
Paint used in toys

B.
Certain art supplies

C.
Gasoline sold in some countries

D.
Household dust

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3
Q

The characteristics of substances on the National Priorities List (United States) include

A

A.
They have known or suspected toxicity.

B.
They have potential for human exposure.

C.
They appear frequently in uncontrolled or abandoned waste sites.

D.
They are scheduled for possible remediation under Superfund.

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4
Q

What effect is associated with an excessive low intake of copper?

A

Dietary deficiency

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5
Q

What is the EPA standard for arsenic in drinking water?

A

10 µg per liter

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6
Q

Minimata disease was associated with ingestion of

A

Mercury

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7
Q

A metal associated with the mediation of methylation by microorganisms is?

A

Mercury

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8
Q

Which heavy metal is associated with biomagnification?

A

Mercury

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9
Q

The largest population mass poisoning in history involved which of the following heavy metal?

A

Arsenic

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10
Q

Which statement about hexavalent chromium is false?

A

Does not cause respiratory problems

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11
Q

Adverse health risks associated with dioxins exposure include

A

A.
Damage to the liver

B.
Skin rashes

C.
Chloracne

D.
Endocrine impairment

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12
Q

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are

A

Persistent in the environment

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13
Q

Which of the following is an example of biopesticide

A

Canola oil

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14
Q

The disadvantages of hazardous chemicals do NOT include

A

Are essential to the functioning of modern society

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15
Q

The following are true of chemical disease agents except

A

Solely the product of humankind’s actions in the biosphere

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16
Q

The following are examples of volatile organic compounds except

A

dioxin

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17
Q

The relationship between environmental toxins and breast cancer has been studied in recent years. Some controversial environmental risks include.

A

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Passive Smoking

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18
Q

Pesticides are
A.
Always highly toxic to humans

B.
All synthetic chemicals

C.
Always the best weapon against insect pests

D.
All of the above

E.
None of the above

A

None of the above

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19
Q

All of the following are true about atrazine except:

A

Has been linked with abnormalities in humans

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20
Q

What contaminated the groundwater wells in the story of Woburn, MA discussed in class?

A

TCE, a organic solvent in the tanning industry

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21
Q

Executive Order 12898, signed by President Bill Clinton, did which of the following?

A

develop a strategy for implementing environmental justice in federal decision-making

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22
Q

True or false: The People of Color Environmental Movement is a pseudo movement financed by major industries to convince communities that suffer EJ burdens that the opportunities (proximity and availability of jobs, better incomes, schools, etc) outweigh the environmental risks.

A

False

23
Q

This term describes one of the major forces that causes ecological problems to persist. As a result, society must find a way to distribute these burdens, and often does so inequitably.

A

the treadmill of production

24
Q

True or false: The majority of studies of environmental inequality conclude that racism is a major driving factor in unequal distribution of environmental hazards.

A

True

25
Q

True or False: The precautionary principle is a governing framework that can be useful to reduce environmental injustices.

A

True

26
Q

In environmental justice issues, identifying those who are identified as ‘susceptible populations’ are generally well defined in law.

A

False

27
Q

This law is usually the most effective, though imperfect, tool for litigating issues related to environmental justice.

A

Civil Rights Laws of 1964

28
Q

the EJ movement was catalyzed in the late 1980’s by the publication of a report entitled “Toxic Waste and Race in the United States”, which highlighted the unequal siting of toxic waste facilities in the US. Who published this report?

A

A religious organization (United Church of Christ)

29
Q

True or False: Lead paint is no longer a serious problem in the United States because we no longer manufacture it.

A

False

30
Q

Who is the person sometimes known as the ‘father of Enviromental Justice”

A

Robert Bullard

31
Q

True or False: Though we talk about the topic in class, Environmental Justice is mostly totally separate from Environmental Health

A

False

32
Q

True or False: The best solutions to environmental justice issues should arise from stakeholders who are not part of the situation.

A

False

33
Q

This location was widely covered in the news from protests in the 1980’s where citizens objected to the storage of PCB-laden solid waste.

A

Warren County, NC

34
Q

This is what we would call a location where there is insufficient fresh food available to a community.

A

Food Desert

35
Q

These compounds, which bioaccumulate in the environment, were widely used as insulating fluids or lubricants in manufacturing, persist in the environment, and are comprised of about 209 different types?

A

PCBs

36
Q

True or False: The Bhopal Disaster occurred when a train carrying pesticides was derailed, causing widespread cancer clusters to occur in a rural region in Bangladesh.

A

False

37
Q

This was a Hollywood movie that narrates the contamination of drinking water supplies in Woburn, Massachusetts from organic solvents. This superfund site has led to a number of leukemia clusters.

A

A Civil Action

38
Q

True or False: Though Pyrethroid pesticides are derived from chrysanthenum flowers, they are still toxic.

A

True

39
Q

This pesticide was widely used for vector controls. But it was identified as damaging to the ecosystem and was largely banned (not completely, though)

A

DDT

40
Q

A Roentgenogram, first discovered in the 1880’s, are more commonly know as what?

A

X-ray

41
Q

true or false: Something that is radioactive is something that gives off radiation, usually spontaneously.

A

True

42
Q

True or False: Non-ionizing radiation exposures generally incur similar health damage to humans as ionizing sources.

A

False

43
Q

This person is generally viewed as the scientist who contributed substantially to the science of radioactivity.

A

Marie Curie

44
Q

The radiation detected on Stanley Watras, the Pilgrim Nuclear Powerplant contractor, came from which source?

A

Radon in his house

45
Q

One of the main concerns regarding the detonation of a “dirty bomb” is

A

Widespread fatalities caused by radiation

Leveling of all buildings within a two-mile radius

46
Q

The effects of ionizing radiation include

A

A.
Damage to bodily tissues

B.
Damage to DNA

C.
Formation of ion pairs in exposed atoms

D.
Removal of orbital electrons from neutral atoms

47
Q

The unit of measurement for the amount of radioactivity in a sample of material is

A

The curie or becquerel

48
Q

Alpha radiation is non-penetrating and therefore

A

It is dangerous when ingested or inhaled and localizes in certain tissues.

49
Q

A measure of radiation dose related to biological effect is

A

The rem or sievert

50
Q

Factors that affect the amount of radiation exposure does not include.

A

Total time of exposure
Degree of radioactivity of the material

51
Q

The following statements are true of the research on the association between exposure to EMF and cancer except

A

The long-term effects are clear and definitive.

52
Q

Which of the following is considered the most effective protection of the population against man-made radiation exposure

A

Limit exposure to cases where the benefits outweigh the risks

53
Q

If I passed through a radiation detector carrying Polonium 210 stored in a glass vial in my pocket, would the detector alarm go off?

A

No - Polonium 210 emits alpha radiation.

54
Q

Compared to ionizing radiation, non-ionizing radiation has:

A

Longer wavelengths and lower frequency

public health 223 (3 decks)

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