Exam 2 Review Flashcards
Select the correct statement about bone marrow sampling:
a. indicated in patients with bleeding disorders
b. sample is best if diluted with blood
c. preferred sample site in dogs is the rib
d. useful in patients with rubricytosis
D
A bone marrow sample from a horse without history or a sample for CBC is received to the diagnostic lab and the film revealed a decreaaed M:E ratio of 3:7. Your interpretation of this finding is…
a. non-regenerative anemia
b. myeloid dysplasia
c. leukemia
d. not suitable for interpretation
D
Match the correct statements about each word: myelophthisis, cytopenia, thrombocytopenia, lymphoma, leukemia
a. solid tumor of neoplastic lymphocytes
b. decreased count of a cell lineage
c. decreased count of platelets
d. neoplastic cells of any type in the blood/bone marrow
e. replacement of bone marrow cells by other cells or connective tissue
E, B, C, A, D
How do we differentiate between lymphoma and leukemia?
leukemias DO NOT form solid mass occupying lesions in organs as lymphoma does
The following is an immunomarker for T cells:
a. CD79a
b. myeloperoxidase
c. CD21
d. CD3
D
The following is true about flow cytometry…
a. can be interpreted without any other test
b. useful for diagnosing leukemias
c. useful for differentiating reactive lymphopenia
d. for testing, it can use stained or unstained cytology slides
B
Which of the following can differentiate lymphocytosis from lymphoma?
a. PARR
b. flow cytometry
c. IHC
A, B
Ehrlichia canis will result in…
a. lymphocytosis
b. monoclonal gammopathy
c. lymphoma
A, B
Match the correct type of condition with the right statement: acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, myeloproliferative disorder, lymphoproliferative disorder, lymphoma
a. Neoplasms or leukemias of lymphocytes, plasma cells
b. Neoplasms from bone marrow stem cells: neutrophils, monocytes, erythrocytes
c. Immature/undifferentiated lymphocytes/lymphoblasts proliferation in bone marrow and in blood
d. Neoplasm in bone marrow from neoplastic plasma cells
e. Mass occupying lesion in solid organs composed of neoplastic lymphocytes
f. Proliferation of mature lymphocytes in blood or in bone marrow
C, F, D, B, A, E
The following are bone non-hematopoietic neoplasms EXCEPT:
a. lymphoma
b. histiocytic sarcoma
c. mast cell tumor
d. myelodysplastic syndrome
D
List 3 differences between acute and chronic leukemia:
ACUTE: predominantly IMMATURE (undifferentiated) cells in the bone marrow, rapid (weeks to months), young or older animals
CHRONIC: predominantly MATURE (differentiated) cells in the bone marrow, slow (months to years), more common in older animals
The following is true about lymphocytosis:
a. a patient with a leukogram above 35,000/µL is surely leukemia
b. a patient with a leukogram above 15,000/µL is suspicious of ehrlichiosis and leukemia
c. could be caused by the effects of epinephrine
d. all of the above
D
List 3 important clinical presentations of multiple myeloma:
- lethargy
- anorexia
- lameness
- PU/PD
- blood hyperviscosity
- bleeding diatheses: epistaxis, gingival bleeding, intraocular hemorrhage, melena, hematuria
- thrombocytopenia
- foci of lytic bone
LAB: Bence-Jones proteins in urine, monoclonal or biclonal gammopathy
List the 4 criteria from which you have to demonstrate 2 for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma:
- bone marrow plasmacytosis
- presence of osteolytic bone lesions
- monoclonal hyperglobinemia
- Bence-Jones proteinuria
Match the sample tube with its corresponding color code: EDTA, heparin, sodium citrate, serum
a. blue
b. green
c. purple
d. red
C, B, A, D
What is the preferred tube for hematology/CBC in birds and reptiles?
a. sodium citrate
b. heparin
c. EDTA
d. serum
B - reptile and bird RBCs will lyse in EDTA
What tube is preferred for coagulation panels and platelet function studies?
a. heparin
b. sodium citrate
c. EDTA
d. A and C
B
What is the difference between plasma and serum?
PLASMA: contains anticoagulants, so it will contain clotting proteins and fibrinogen, higher calcium and less potassium
SERUM: does not contain anticoagulants, so coagulation will occur and it will not contain coagulation factors or fibrinogen; used for biochemistry and electrophoresis
What is the order in which tubes are filled after sample collection?
- blue-top sodium citrate
- red-top serum
- green-top heparin
- purple-top EDTA
List the main interferences caused by lipemia, hemolysis, and bilirubin:
LIPEMIA = enhances hemolysis, increases lipase, ALT, AST, LDH, glucose, CREA, bilirubin
HEMOLYSIS = increased AST, K, ALP, TP, Ca, ALB, bilirubin, ALT, CK
BILIRUBIN = decreased creatinine, increased bilirubin
How does the collection of blood in EDTA-contaminated and citrate-contaminated tubes affect results?
EDTA = decreased Ca and increased K
SODIUM CITRATE = decreased Ca, no effect on K
All of the following are true EXCEPT:
a. in mammals, it is normal for young animals having lower levels of protein than adults
b. total protein reports the albumin and globulins
c. albumin is responsible for the colloidal osmotic pressure
d. albumin is synthesized by the kidney
D
Globulins are…
a. proteins of broad-ranged function
b. categorized on electrophoresis motility as alpha, beta, and gamma globulins
c. fibrinogen, prothrombin, and plasminogen are a part of the beta globulins
d. all of the above
D
Select the true statement in regards to renal function.
a. loss of the ability to concentrate urine is observed after renal azotemia had taken place
b. kidney function is evaluated mainly by CBC
c. the most common test to evaluate glomerular filtration rate is the direct method
d. loss of more than 75% of the nephron function could result in azotemia
D
Glomerular filtration rate is assessed by the following:
a. PARR
b. BUN
c. CREA
B, C
Animals with renal disease may present…
a. decreased glomerular filtration
b. azotemia
c. increased SDMA
A, B, C
The following are functions of the kidney:
a. regulation of blood pressure
b. erythropoietin production
c. calcium homeostasis
A, B, C
The glomerular filtration rate is evaluated with…
a. refractometer
b. CBC
c. serum
d. blood film
C
To classify azotemia you will need to evaluate…
a. urine specific gravity
b. CBC
c. plasma hemolysis
d. SDMA
A
