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GEOG 101 > Exam 2 review > Flashcards

Exam 2 review Flashcards

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1
Q

3 main biomes of the region (sub Saharan africa)

A

Tropical forest = lots of rain
Savanna = season rain
Desert = very little rain

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2
Q

Population rural or urban (ch6)

A

Rural

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3
Q

Swidden agriculture

A

(also called “slash and burn”), in which
natural vegetation is burned to fertilize the soil and plant crops. Swidden agriculture
should be practiced on rotation to give vegetation and soil time to recover, as overuse
of the technique causes environmental degradation.

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4
Q

South Africa- the three capitals

A

Pretoria, Bloemfontein, cape town

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5
Q

Desertification

A

The conversion of fertile lands to desert

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6
Q

Sahel- what is it and why is it important

A

A transition zone between the Sahara and the tropical savanna’s below it.

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7
Q

Pastoralism

A

Living nomadic lifestyles, moving their animals to different areas throughout the year

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8
Q

Political/cultural boundaries and conflict

A
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9
Q

Impacts of slave trade and colonialism

A
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10
Q

Transhumance

A

the movement of animals between wet and dry season pastures

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11
Q

Kleptocracy

A

in which government leaders use their positions to improve their own wealth

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12
Q

Population growth

A
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13
Q

Animistic religions

A

a sort of ”catch-all” term for religions that worship nature and/or ancestral spirits

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14
Q

Animals in the region ch6

A

Zebra lions etc

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15
Q

Human landscape modification ch7

A
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16
Q

Physiological density vs overall pop. density Ch7- which is high and which is low

A

Physiological is high , overall is low

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17
Q

Salinization Ch7- vocab

A

(the buildup of salts in the soil) caused by intensive irrigation

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18
Q

Old, Islam-influenced cities (#1) Ch7
Old, Islam-influenced cities (#2) Ch7

A

Map picture

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19
Q
A
20
Q

Culture hearth Ch7

A

the location where a given culture originated before spreading

21
Q

Islam: Sunnis and Shiites Ch7

A

*Main division between Shiites and Sunnis after Muhammad’s death in 632 AD
*Tension and conflict between Shiites and Sunnis, especially among more extreme and/or fundamentalist groups

Today, about 73% of Muslim people are Sunni, and about 23% are Shiite.

22
Q

Importance of fossil fuels to economies Ch7

A

Saudi Arabia is using fossil water to support huge agricultural fields in the middle of the desert.
It’s not renewable on human time scales

23
Q

Arable land Ch7

A

land that is capable of growing crops

24
Q

Bedouin people Ch7

A

They’re nomadic and live in the desert

25
Q

Why are some countries rich and others are poor? Ch7

A

Richer- becuase of oil and or natural gas, stable governments
Poorer- low fossil fuel access, political instability, economic instability.

26
Q

Political conflict in the region Ch7

A

Sunnis and Shiites and Kurds

27
Q

Desalination Ch7

A

Conversion of salt water to drinkable freshwater

28
Q

European Lowland Ch8

A

a region of broad, relatively flat plains with lots of rivers and ample rainfall

*(Also called the North European Plain)

*Highly modified by farms, towns, and cities

29
Q

Size and landscape diversity of Europe Ch8

A

Small but large biodiversity

30
Q

Religion in Europe Ch8

A

*Christianity is the dominant religion in Europe, but there are important divisions within Christianity

▫Great Schism between Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy in 1054 AD

▫Protestant Reformation in the 1500s AD

31
Q

Schengen Agreement Ch8

A

allows for open travel without border control between participating countries

▫Also includes Norway and Switzerland (not in EU)

32
Q

Iron Curtain Ch8

A

a figurative and later literal boundary between the Soviet Union and the West

33
Q

European Union
Ch8

A

Green map on Ch8 slides

34
Q

Ethnic cleansing Ch8

A

the mass expulsion or killing of one ethnic group by another

35
Q

Xenophobia Ch8

A

fear/dislike of people from other countries

36
Q

Shifting political boundaries Ch8

A

During the past 100 years, Europe has been characterized by shifting political boundaries

*There are recent trends toward political and economic cooperation

*But there are also lingering tensions and disputes

37
Q

Political devolution Ch8

A

the decentralization of power away from a central authority (Catalonia, Scotland, Brexit)

38
Q

Flood management in the Netherlands Ch8

A

Dykes/ damns/ leeves

39
Q

Migration within the region Ch8- where are they coming from and where are they going to

A

Moving from poorer countries in Eastern Europe to richer countries in central and Western Europe

40
Q

Fjords Ch8

A

narrow, steep-sided inlet carved by a glacier

41
Q

Political conflict resulting from misalignment of political and cultural boundaries- give an example from one of the chapters and describe

A

Sunnis and Shiites and Kurds in Iraq fighting for control of Iraq since the country gained independence in 1932

42
Q

Influence of physical geography on human settlement patterns in Southwest Asia and North Africa

A

The coasts usually have a Mediterranean climate so warm dry summers and cool wet winters. This makes more more fertile soil and prosperous areas.

43
Q

Urban primacy, infrastructure, and access to education and healthcare in Sub-Saharan Africa

A

Urban primacy is most countries having one site that is much larger than any other in the country which limits rural peoples access to formal education and healthcare. Infrastructure or lack of roads in a large area makes it harder for people to get to the large cities.

44
Q

Roots of socioeconomic challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa

A

Slave trade

*Colonization

*Corruption

▫Many countries are kleptocracies, in which government leaders use their positions to improve their own wealth

45
Q

Why are Western European countries wealthier than Eastern European countries?

A

Becuase of their involvement in regional and global economy

GEOG 101 (1 decks)

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