Exam 2 Review Flashcards
In an attempt to evaluate the total cost of a disease, not simply how many people die, health agencies now calculate _______.
A) total morbidity
B) disability-adjusted life years
C) total mortality
D) environmental health
B) disability-adjusted life years
The term, ________, is used to describe how smoking multiplies the effects of asbestos exposure.
A) disease cluster B) detection limit C) synergism D) morbidity E) toxic multiplier
C) synergism
Chronic health effects result _______.
A) in an immediate health crisis
B) in long-lasting health problems
C) from single exposure to toxin
D) All of the choices are correct.
B) in long-lasting health problems
The accumulation to toxic levels in aquatic food chains of toxins such as mercury is known as
A) biomagnification. B) bioaccumulation. C) biotoxicity. D) bioteratogen. E) biosensitivity.
A) biomagnification
More than 50% of antibiotic use in the United States is for
A) livestock.
B) pets.
C) humans.
D) HIV.
A) livestock
With respect to exposure to toxins, which statement is correct?
A) Acute effects are the immediate results of a single exposure, chronic effects are those that are long lasting.
B) Acute effects are permanent, chronic effects may be short or long term but go away over time. C) Acute effects are much worse than chronic effects.
D) Acute effects are not as bad as chronic effects.
E) None of the above.
A) Acute effects are the immediate results of a single exposure, chronic effects are those that are long lasting.
Sick building syndrome can be caused by
A) mold. B) formaldehyde. C) carbon monoxide. D) nitrogen oxides. E) All of the choices are correct.
E) All of the choices are correct
A) mold.
B) formaldehyde.
C) carbon monoxide.
D) nitrogen oxides.
All of the following attributes to an inaccurate or irrational perception of risks EXCEPT
A) News media give us a biased perspective on the frequency of health hazards.
B) Most people have difficulty understanding statistics and probabilities.
C) People emphasize or downplay certain risks depending on their agenda.
D) Individuals often have an exaggerated view of their own abilities.
E) Personal experiences are an infallible representation of reality.
E) Personal experiences are an infallible representation of reality
The two main gases making up the lower atmosphere are
A. helium and hydrogen. B. carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. C. oxygen and methane. D. nitrogen and oxygen. E. oxygen and carbon dioxide.
D. nitrogen and oxygen.
The atmospheric zone where most weather events occur is the
A. stratosphere. B. thermosphere. C. troposphere. D. mesosphere. E. stratopause.
C. troposphere
Most of the excessive carbon dioxide that is expected to cause global warming is generated by
A. green plants. B. burning of fossil fuels. C. production of cement and clearing of forests. D. All of these are correct. E. Answers B & C only.
E. Answers B & C only.
B. burning of fossil fuels.
C. production of cement and clearing of forests.
___________ ozone is harmful, damaging plants and human health while ozone at the _________ level screens out mutagenic ultraviolet radiation.
A. Stratospheric; troposphere
B. Thermospheric; mesosphere
C. Tropospheric; stratosphere
D. Mesospheric; thermosphere E. Stratospheric; mesosphere
C. Tropospheric; stratosphere
An increase in the albedo effect would mean there would be
A. an increase in reflectivity.
B. an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.
C. an increase in the amount of ultraviolet light absorbed by the atmosphere.
D. an increase in heat absorption.
A. an increase in reflectivity.
Which of the following would have the highest albedo?
A. Fresh snow
B. Open water
C. Forest
D. Soil
A. Fresh snow
Which of the following air pollutants combines with other atmospheric components to form acid rain?
A) ozone B) sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides C) Chlorofluorocarbons D) methane and carbon dioxide E) All of the choices are correct.
B) sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
Temperature inversions, heat islands, and dust domes are the result of _______.
A) El Niño
B) ozone depletion
C) urban pollution
D) acid rain
C) urban pollution
The correct sequence of soil-water layers beginning from the soil surface is:
A) zone of aeration, water table, zone of saturation
B) water table, zone of aeration, zone of saturation
C) aquifer, recharge zone, water table
D) zone of saturation, water table, zone of aeration
A) zone of aeration, water table, zone of saturation
The addition of sewage and other organic material into a water supply _______.
A) increases oxygen consumption by decomposers B) increases biological oxygen demand C) causes an oxygen sag downstream D) All of the above. E) 2 and 3 are correct.
D) All of the above
A) increases oxygen consumption by decomposers
B) increases biological oxygen demand
C) causes an oxygen sag downstream
Currently the most widespread toxic metal contamination in North America is _______ released from incinerators and coal- burning power plants.
A) lead
B) arsenic
C) chlorine
D) mercury
D) mercury
The hydrologic compartment that contains the greatest amount of fresh water is
A) groundwater. B) the Great Lakes. C) living organisms and biomass. D) ice and snow. E) clouds in the atmosphere.
D) ice and snow
Coliform bacteria populations are routinely monitored in drinking water supplies, swimming pools, and at beaches because these bacteria
A) are especially toxic to animals.
B) may mutate into severely pathogenic strains.
C) indicate the presence of feces in water.
D) usually live in pesticide-contaminated water.
E) are more difficult to find in water.
C) indicate the presence of feces in water.
A(n) ______________ is all the land drained by a particular river.
A) reservoir B) water table C) watershed D) recharge zone E) aquifer
C) watershed
Based on what you have learned so far, which country would you expect to have the most serious water quality problem?
A) The United States
B) China
C) Japan
D) Sweden
B) China
The phenomenon where cool, dense air sits under a layer of lighter warmer air is known as a ____________________.
A) temperature inversion
B) heat island
C) heat sink
D) Milankovitch cycle E) thermocline
A) temperature inversion
Stratospheric ozone helps to protect against
A) crop failures. B) disruption of important biological communities. C) genetic mutations. D) skin cancer in humans. E) All of the choices are correct.
E) All of the choices are correct.
A) crop failures.
B) disruption of important biological communities.
C) genetic mutations.
D) skin cancer in humans.
The abuse/overuse of freshwater aquifers can result in
A) saltwater intrusion. B) towns abandoned due to dry wells. C) subsidence as ground collapses. D) loss of available irrigation water. E) All of the choices are correct.
E) All of the choices are correct.
A) saltwater intrusion.
B) towns abandoned due to dry wells.
C) subsidence as ground collapses.
D) loss of available irrigation water.
