Exam 2 Review Flashcards
What are 4 families of neurotransmitters?
Amine Neurotransmitters
Amino Acid Neurotransmitters
Peptide Neurotransmitters
Gas Neurotransmitters
What is an example of an amine neurotransmitters?
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
What is an example of an amino acid neurotransmitter?
Glutamate
GABA
What is the general function of ACh?
Learning and Memory
What is the general function of dopamine?
Pleasure and Reward System and Motor Control.
What is the general function of norepinephrine?
Fight or Flight and Regulating Mood.
What is the general function for serotonin?
Sleep, Mood, Cognition, and Reproduction.
What is the general function for glutamate?
the Major Excitatory Neurotransmitter.
What is the general function for GABA?
the Major Inhibitory Neurotransmitter.
What are the 3 different types of hormones?
Protein Hormone
Amine Hormone
Steroid Hormone
What are the 3 different types of hormones?
Protein Hormone
Amine Hormone
Steroid Hormone
What types of receptors does ACh bind to?
Nicotinic ACh Receptor (ionotropic) Muscarinic Receptor (metabotropic)
What types of receptors does dopamine bind to?
D1-D5
What types of receptors does glutamate bind to?
AMPA
Kainite
NMDA (ionotropic)
Metabotropic R’s
What types of receptors does GABA bind to?
GABA A and C (ionotropic) GABA B (metabotropic)
What are the physiological effects of alcohol?
social disinhibition and loss of motor control
What are the physiological effects of marijuana?
relaxation, mood alteration, stimulation, hallucinations, and paranoia
What are the physiological effects of opium?
pain killer
What are the physiological effects of nicotine?
increased heart rate, blood pressure, hydrochloric acid secretion, and bowel activity
What are the physiological effects of cocaine?
promote endurance and enhance sense of well-being
What are the physiological effects of amphetamine?
alertness, euphoria and stamina, weight loss, sleeplessness, and schizophrenia symptoms
What are the physiological effects of MDMA?
positive emotions, euphoria, and visual hallucinations
What are the physiological effects of LSD?
visual hallucinations
What receptors does alcohol act upon?
DA stimulation GABA depressant (GABA-A receptor)
What receptors does marijuana act upon?
cannabinoid receptors (CB 1 and 2)
What receptors does opium act upon?
opioid receptors (kappa, delta, and mu)
What receptors does nicotine act upon?
nicotinic ACh receptors
What receptors does amphetamine act upon?
increase DA and NE release and blocks reuptake
What receptors does MDMA act upon?
DA and 5-HT
damages 5-HT axon terminals
What receptors does LSD act upon?
5-HT receptors in the visual system
