EXAM 2 RESPIRATORY AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
Gastrointestinal Tract consists of
Mouth to the Anus
Accessory structures that disassemble food in to smaller molecules
Tongue, Teeth, Salivary Glands, Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas
4 functions of the digestive system
Digestion,
Absorption,
Motility,
Evacuation
Mono-gastric animals
Rabbits,
Horses,
Herbivores
Who do not have what enzyme to digest what? After that, what is used?
Mammals
Cellulose
Large Colon
Ruminants (herbivore) Rumen
Digest plant materials,
Holds 50 gallons of water,
Modified at the beginning,
Foregut fermentation
Upper GI Tract consists of
Mouth,
Teeth,
Saliva
Pharynx
Back of throat
Peristalsis
Waves that push food to the back of the esophagus
Don’t show signs of having a disease
Rats
Signs of disease
Vomiting, Regurgitation, Diarrhea, Anorexia, Dehydration, Weight change, Pain
What pain is the hardest to diagnose
Abdominal
Gingiva
Gums
Alveolus
Tooth socket
Gingivitis
Infectious inflammation of the Gingiva, affects tooth attachment
What % of dogs cats have Gingivitis. Periodontal disease
60% to 80%
= REVERSIBLE inflammation of gum margins
Gingivitis
Plaque
Friendly “soft” bacteria, cells, saliva
Calcus
Mineralized plaque (inflamed)
Salcus
Gutter around tooth
Etiology of gingivitis
Form of PLAQUE Transforms to CALCUS Irritation of the gingiva, Bacteria multiplies Bacteria causes inflammation Weakening tooth attachment
Irreversible and loss of gingival attachment
Periodontitis
Halitosis
Severe bad breath
Clinical signs of gingivitis/periodontitis
Halitosis Reluctant to chew hard food, oral pain Loose teeth, pawing at mouth Head shyness Increased saliva Sneeze/nasal discharge Facial swelling Tooth loss
Diagnosis for Gingivitis/Periodontitis
Oral exam
Tartar inflammation
Probe
Radiographs
Treatment for Gingivitis/Periodontitis
Dental scaling
Clean below the gum line
Prevention of Gingivitis/Periodontitis
Starting oral hygiene early and keeping it up by brushing twice daily
Hard, crunchy food
Dental treats
Choke
Esophageal obstruction
Horses and Cows
From eating turnips, apples and potatoes
Neck mass
Choke in Horses
Stretching of the neck
Nasal discharge w/food
Anxious, Sweating, Salivating
Coughing
Choke in Cows
Emergency
Bloat
Expanding rumen compression
Organs
Diagnosis for Choke
Hx and clinical signs
Palpate Neck
Check left side
Endoscopy or radiograph
Treatment for choke in horses
Fasting
Hydrate: IV Fluids
Irrigate w/stomach tube
Muscle relaxants
Treatment for Choke in Cows
EMERGENCY
Relieve the gas from the Tympany using a trocar, pushing a hole in the rumen
Complications of Choke
causes inhalation pneumonia, pressure necrosis, rupture, and stricture
Prevention from Choke
Avoid cube and pellets
Slow eating
Keep gap periods between food and exercise
Keep away from orchard
Hardware Disease
Traumatic reticuloperitonitis
Caused by a wire
Damaging the Reticulum
Most common in dairy cows
Pericardium
Where the wire to go to first before going through the heart
Clinical signs of Hardware Disease
Groaning Hunched back HR, RR, Temp increase Anorexia Decreased feces Murmur Heart Failure
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the membrane lining of the abdominal wall of organs
Pleuritis
Inflammation of tissues that line the lung and chest cavity
