Exam 2 (Reptiles + Birds) Flashcards
What does CITES stand for?
Convention on international Trade in Endangered Species
Uricotelic: Definition
excretes uric acid instead of BUN
Ecdysis: Definition
sheds skin
Oviparous: Definition
lays eggs
Ovoviviparous: Definition
Lays eggs that immediately hatch
Viviparous: Definition
live birth
Stenothermal: Definition
narrow acceptable zone
Eurythermal: Definition
wide acceptable zone
how long do you quarantine newly acquired animals?
At least 90 days
What chemicals should be avoided when cleaning a reptile’s cage?
phenols
T/F: UVA is necessary for producing Vit. D3.
False
UVB is needed
How often should the UV light be replaced?
every 6mo
What are the humidity levels for Subtropical, Temperate, and Desert?
Subtropic - 70-90%
Temperate - 60-80%
Desert - 30-50%
Chelonian: Radiografic Views
DV, Lat, CrCd
Fluid Rate: Reptiles
15-30 ml/kg/day
What Anti-parasitic drug should be avoided in chelonians?
ivermectin
Gout: Definition
depostion of uric acid/salts in viscera
Gout: Etiology
dehydration, high protein diet
Gout: Signs
renal dz, dec. mobility
Gout: Dx
chem, rads, biopsy
Gout: Tx
inc. water, dec. protein
Reptile Hypovit. A: Signs
bilateral blepharoedema, naso-ocular discharge, lethargy, anorexia
Reptile Hypovit. A: Dx
serum assay
Reptile Hypovit. A: Tx
correct diet
Pyramiding: Etiology
humidity, energy intake
Pyramiding: Appearance
tortoise shell become pyramidal
Thiamine Deficiency: History
frozen fish diet
Thiamine Deficiency: Signs
neuro signs
Thiamine Deficiency: Tx
B1 injections
Cryptosporidiosis: Signs
dehydration, regurg, mid-bidy swelling
Cryptosporidiosis: Dx
acid fast of regurg
Cryptosporidiosis: Tx
none
Coccidiosis: Signs
stunted, diarrhea
Coccidiosis: Tx
ponazuril
Snake Mite: Signs
anemia
Iridovirus: Susceptible Species
chelonian, lizards
Iridovirus: Signs
stomatits, rhnitis, conjucntivitis
Iridovirus: Dx
basophilic inclusion bodies
Iridovirus: Tx
supportive
Herpesvirus: Signs
rhinitis, conjunctivitis, stomatitis, pneumonia
Herpesvirus: Dx
PCR
Herpesvirus: Tx
supportive
Reptile Mycoplasmosis: Signs
naso-ocular discharge, conjunctivitis, palpebral edema
Reptile Mycoplasmosis: Dx
culture, ELISA, PCR
Reptile Mycoplasmosis: Tx
Tetracycline
Adenovirus: Susceptible Species
lizards and snakes
Adenovirus: Signs
acute depression, anorexia, diarrhea, paresis
Adenovirus: Dx
PCR
Adenovirus: Tx
supportive
Paramyxovirus: Susceptible Species
lizards and snakes
Paramyxovirus: Signs
naso-oral discharge, neuroligic
Paramyxovirus: Dx
hemaglutination inhibition assay, viral iso
Paramyxovirus: Tx
supportive
Cage Layer Fatigue: Definition
osteoporosis from egg laying
Manganese Deficiency: Signs
perosis (shortening and twisting of long bones) => gastronemius tendon displacement
Vit. E Deficiency: Signs
exudative diathesis (concurrent selenium deficiency), muscular dystrophy (white streaks)
Avian Vit. A Deficiency: Signs
squamous epithelium metaplasia, ataxia, swollen eyes, blunted/missing choanal papillae, hyperkeratosis
Niacin Deficiency: Signs
swollen hocks, bowed legs
Ribflavin Deficiency: Signs
curled toed paralysis, diarrhea
Avian Influenza: Serovars
H5N1, H7N9
Avian Influenza: Mild Form - Signs
respiratory and GI signs, ischemia + cyanosis of legs and comb
Newcastle Dz: Forms
lentogenic, mesogenic, velogenic, viscerotopic velogenic (reportable)
Newcastle Dz: Lentogenic Signs
min. to none
Newcastle Dz: Mesogenic Signs
torticollis, respiratory + GI signs
Newcastle Dz: Velogenic Signs
rapid spread, sever respiratory signs, diarrhea, paralysis
Newcastle Dz: Viscertopic Velogenic Signs
faster and more sever than velogenic form
Infectious Laryngotracheitis: Signs
respiratory distress, head shaking, tracheal hemorrhage
Fowl Pox: Forms
wet, dry
Fowl Pox: Dry Form Signs
warty nodules on face, comb, + wattle
Fowl Pox: Wet Form Signs
white nodules on oropharynx, layrnx, + trachea
Fowl Cholera: Signs
Acute - respiratory distress, green diarrhea
Chronic - caseous snood, joints + wattle
Infectious Coryza: Signs
nasal discharge, facial edema
Avian Mycoplasmosis: Signs
airsacculitis (turkeys), venereal dz
Avian Infectious Bronchitis: Signs
abnormal eggs, despiratory distress
Tuberculosis: Signs
emaciation, diarrhea, soiled tail feathers
Which Salmomella serovar is zoonotic?
paratyphoid
Pollorum Dz (Salmonella): Signs
bacillary white diarrhea, soiled vent/tail feathers
Paratyphoid: Signs
dehydration, enteritis, SI necrosis
Arizonosis: Signalment
turkey poults less than 3wks
Arizonosis: Signs
diarrhea, neuro, poor growth
Clostridium colinum: Signs
ulcerative enteritis
Clostridium perfringens: Signs
necrotic enteritis
Duck Viral Enteritis: Signs
bloody diarrhea + conjunctivites (reportable)
Erysipelas: Signs
depression, ataxia, dark red skin
Hemorrhagic Enteritis: Signalment
turkey
Infectious Bursal Dz: Signs
atrophy of bursa => immunosuppression
Marek’s Dz: Signs
lymphoid infiltration of nerves => unilateral leg paralysis, blindness
Bird: Types
psittacines - hookbill
passerines - straight bills
columbiformes - pigeons/doves
Where do you palpate to assess BCS?
keel
T/F: The is coelom is the “opening” to the abdomen caudal to the keel
True
What is Tophi?
uric acid deposition in the skin/joints
How much blood is safe to take from a bird?
1ml/100g
Avian Venipuncure: Sites
jugular, ulnar, medial metatarsal, toenail
T/F: Avian hemoglobin is broken down into bilirubin.
False
It’s broken down into biliverdin
What is the only epithelial gland in the bird?
uropygial (preen) gland
T/F: Unkempt feathers are a sign of illness in Juvenile birds.
False
juvenile birds will have unpreened, stress bars, and trauma.
“Red Mite”: Presentation
scaly face and legs
T/F: Birds only have a right ovary.
False
they only have a left
Egg Binding: Definition
extended time of egg in transit
Egg Binding: Tx
fluids, Ca, analgesia, extraction
What drug is used to suspend egg laying?
Lupron
Papillomatosis: Etiology
herpesvirus
Papillomatosis: Signs
oral/cloacal papillomas
Papillomatosis: Tx
sx removal
Psittacine Beak and Feather Dz: Etiology
Circovirus
PBFD: Signs
feather dystrophy
PBFD: Tx
none
Avian Bornavirus: Signs
dilated proventriculus => wasting, crop stasis, falling
Chlamydia psittaci: Signs
respiratory and liver signs (zoonotic)
Chlamydia psittaci: Tx
Doxycyline