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Repro 521 > Exam 2: Reproductive Hormones > Flashcards

Exam 2: Reproductive Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Hormones produced by the hypothalamus

A

GnRH

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2
Q

Hormones produced by the pituitary

A

LH, FSH, prolactin

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3
Q

Hormones produced by the gonads

A

Steroids: testosterone, estradiol
inhibin

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4
Q

Hormones produced by the uterus

A

Prostaglandin F2a, Prostaglandin E

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5
Q

Hormones produced by the placenta

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Progesterone, estrogen
PMSG (pregnant mare serum gonadotropn, aka eCG)

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6
Q

Hormones responsible for release of other hormones

A

GnRH

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7
Q

Hormones responsible for stimulation of the gonads

A

FSH, LH, hCG

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8
Q

Hormones responsible for sexual promotion

A

Estrogens, androgens

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9
Q

Hormones responsible for pregnancy maintenance

A

Progesterone

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10
Q

Hormones responsible for luteolysis

A

Prostaglandin f2a

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11
Q

Receptor types of hormones

A

Cell surface receptor
Intracellular receptor

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12
Q

Composition types of hormones

A

Proteins
Steroids
Prostaglandins

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13
Q

Common precursor of steroids

A

Cholesterol

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14
Q

Steroid hormones

A

Pregnerolone > Progesterone >Testosterone > Estradiol > Estrone

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15
Q

Composition of Steroids

A

18 Carbons- estrogen
19 C- androgen
21C- progesterone

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16
Q

Common precursor of prostaglandins

A

Arachidonic acid

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17
Q

Examples of prostaglands

A

PGF2a, PGG, PGH

18
Q

4 characteristics of reproductive hormones

A
  1. Act in very small quantities
  2. Short half-life
  3. Bind to specific regulators
  4. Regulate intracellular biochemical reactions
19
Q

Functions of oxytocin

A

-Promotes bonding, empathy, and sexual behavior in females
-Enhances social reward and increases
the salience of social stimuli.
-Promotes lactation and parturition
-Suppresses food intake.

20
Q

Functions of GnRH

A

-Stimulates the release of LH and FSH
rapid pulses: promote LH formation and secretion
slow pulses: promote FSH formation and secretion

21
Q

Functions of vasopressin

A

-Promotes territorial aggression, mate guarding, and pair bonding in males. It also modulates social
communication, social investigation, and aggression.
-Water balance: binds to the V2 receptor in the renal collecting duct, increasing water permeability

22
Q

Functions of FSH

A

-Follicular growth
-Spermatogenesis
-With LH, stimulates production of estrogens

23
Q

Causes of high FSH levels

A

-Poor testicular function
-Menopause

24
Q

Functions of LH

A

-Luteotropic: stimulates production of CL
-Stimulate ovulation
-Secretion of steroids

25
Functions of inhibin
Inhibits FSH release
26
Functions of follistatin
Inhibits Inhibin
27
Functions of activin
Stimulates release of FSH
28
Functions of prolactin
-Maintenance of CL in rodents -Induces maternal behavior -Mammary gland development -High levels suppress menses
29
Production of eCG/PMSG
-Produced by endometrial cups (trophoblastic cells) in pregnant mare from day 40-120 -Present only in blood
30
Functions of eCG/PMSG
Similar to LH and FSH -Stimulate follicular growth and partial luteinization to produce progesterone during early pregnancy in mares
31
Production of hCG
-Produced by syncytiotrophoblastic cells of human fetal embryo -Appears 8 days post-coitum, used for pregnancy detection
32
Function of hCG
LH like activity -Luteotropic -Induce ovulation in numerous species
33
Functions of placental lactogen
-Stimulate fetal growth -Promote mammary gland development
34
Functions of Relaxin
-Relaxes pelvic ligaments and cervix for parturition
35
Functions of Progesterone
-Implantation and pregnancy
36
Functions of estrogen
-Accepting males during estrus -Levels low at start at pregnancy, increase throughout
37
Ways to measure hormones
-RIA -ELISA -Immunoassay (most common) -Mass spectrometry
37
Steps of steroid metabolism
Secreted > enters blood > enters target tissue > causes change > passes though liver > rendered water soluble > enters kidney or bile > excreted in urine or feces
38
Parts of engineered antibody for an immunoassay
Anchor Label
39
Types of immunoassay antibodies
-Sandwich: hormone is sandwiched between the capture and signal anti-hormones, measured signal is proportional to concentration of sandwiched hormones, not good for measuring quantity -Competitive: unlabeled hormone competes with labeled hormone for binding sites, measured signal is inversely proportional to concentration of unlabeled hormone
40
Advantages of immunoassay detection
-Automated -High output -Rapid turn around
41
Properties of chromatography detection
-Analyze mutliple hormones at once -Small sample volume

Repro 521 (15 decks)

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