Exam 2 Religions Flashcards
Islam ultimate Concern
Paradise
Islam belief in God
God is one/ no partner
Shirk is the sin of believing God has partners and is unforgivable
Islam Belief in Angels
Hierarchy between God and man.
Gabriel is highest ranked
Each person is assigned 2 angels (good/bad).
Jinn are at bottom of hierarchy
Islam belief in Prophets
Each nation has received a prophet to proclaim God is one. Each for a specific age.
Only Muhammad is for all time (Seal of Prophets)
Islam belief in 4 Holy Books
- Tawrat (Moses/ Torah)
- Zabur (David/ Psalms)
- Injil (Jesus/ Gospels)
- Qur’an (Muhammed) only uncorrupted
Islam belief in Day of Judgement
Deeds weigh in
Paradise or Hell
Only God knows results
No assurance they will be accepted by God
5 beliefs of Islam
- God (is one)
- Angels
- Prophets of God
- 4 Holy Books
- Day of Judgement
2 types of Hinduism
- Shankara’s Advaita Vendanta
2. Hindu Bhakti
Shankara’s Advaita Vedanta Ultimate Concern
Moksha (Liberation of release from the iron law of Samsara)
Shankara’s Advaita Vedanta view of reality
- Gods: Appearance- lover level of reality (like a dream or stage play)
- Self: tangibly real aspect of atman (individual self)
- world: Maya (illusion)
Shankara’s Advaita Vedanta Human Problem
Ignorance of Brahman
- we wrongly identify the finite with the real
- This keeps us in Samsara (Endless cycle of Life, death and rebirth
Shankara’s Advaita Vedanta Resolution:
Knowledge of Brahman (Hindu word for the impersonal essence and spirit of the cosmos, which never changes and is one with all that is), which comes by meditation and asceticism
Hindu Bhakti Concern
Moksha (Liberation or release from the iron law of samsara
Hindu Bhakti Reality
God: real, can save, take different forms
Self: finite mode of god; will retain individuality
World: real (no levels) but not a place of hope or fulfillment; change is real
Hindu Bhakti Human Problem
Samsara because of ignorance (of a personal god) and karma
Hindu Bhakti Resolution
bhakti (love and surrender) and prasada (divine grace)
- Monkey school- grace and effort
- Cat school- only grace
Buddhism 2 types
- Theravada
2. Mahayana
Theravada
- Concern: Liberation in nirvana (end of individuality)
- Reality: Gods exist but cannot help, Self (none, many lives before nirvana in many heavens and hells), World is in flux (process not a thing/no beginning or end)
- Human problem is suffering in samara because of ignorance of Buddha’s teachings
- Resolution: Acceptance of Buddha’s teaching and practice of virtues and Noble 8fold path
Mahayana
- concern: rebirth in a heaven/ becoming Buddha
- Reality: Gods (many), Self (none in theory but yes in practice), World (either impermanent of unreal)
- Basic Human Problem: suffering in samsara
- Resolution: Pure Land school (call in faith on Amitabha Buddah), Other Philosophical Schools
4 Noble Truths of Buddhism
- All is suffering
- Suffering is caused by desire
.3. The way to be rid of suffering is to be rid of desire - The way to be rid of desire is to follow the Noble 8fold Path
Noble Eightfold Path
- Right understanding
- Right thinking
- Right Speech
- Right Action
- Right livelihood
- Right effort
- Right mindfulness
- Right Concentration
3 Characteristics of Existence of Buddhism
- Impermanence
- Suffering
- NO self
Buddhism virtues
- friendliness
- compassion
- sympathetic Joy
- Even-mindedness
5 Precepts of Buddhism
- No killing
- no stealing
- No sexual sin
- No lying
- No alcohol
