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comm 407 > Exam 2 Readings > Flashcards

Exam 2 Readings Flashcards

1
Q

family stressors

A

discrete life events or transitions that have an impact upon the family unit, and produce, or have the potential to produce, change in the family social system

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2
Q

family stress

A

response of the family to the stressor.

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3
Q

nonnormative stressors

A

difficult to forsee, do not occur in every family, example divorce, serious illness of child

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4
Q

morphogenesis

A

tendency of the family to develop and change over time

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5
Q

morphostasis

A

tendency to remain at a steady state, or follow status quo

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6
Q

types of dimensions

A

temporary v. permanent, voluntary v. unvoluntary, level 1 to level 3 stressors, ABC-X model and double ABC-X model.

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7
Q

vulnerability

A

ability to prevent stressors from creating a crisis situation

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8
Q

regenerative power

A

family’s ability to bounce back and recover from a crisis

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9
Q

boundary ambiguity

A

occurs when family members are unsure about who is in or out of the system and who occupies what roles

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10
Q

vulnerability-stress-adaptation model of marriage

A

model is specific to the marital subsystem, explicitly assumes that marital partners have preexisting vulnerabilities that color husbands’ and wives’ reaction to stress, and assumes that the presence of stress affects the stability and satisfaction of the marriage. In other words, the quality of this family subsystem is partially a function of the stress that a couple experiences.

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11
Q

adaptive processes

A

behaviors that spouses exchange, such as positive communication and problem solving that allow them to adjust to their roles within marriage and to cope with challenges

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12
Q

enduring vulnerability

A

backgrounds and traits people bring into marriage

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13
Q

marital quality

A

couple’s overall evaluation of and satisfaction with their marriage

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14
Q

marital stability

A

duration of marriage, if they stay together

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15
Q

family coping strategies

A

mapping (trying to obtain more information about problem), avoidance (removing family members from situation that produce the stressor), help-seeking, minimization, reversal, blame, substitution, and improving shortcomings

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16
Q

primary and secondary appraisal

A

primary-assessment of stressors and degree to which they are threatening, secondary- assessment of coping resources for dealing with those stressors

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17
Q

communal coping

A

appraising and acting on a problem by pooling resources and efforts

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18
Q

buffering model

A

social support mitigates the ill effects of stress by reducing the appraised threat and reducing the threat response

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19
Q

main effect model

A

holds that involvement in caring relationships provides a generalized source of positive affect, self worth, and belonging

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20
Q

emotional support

A

availability of a family member with whom one can discuss problems, concerns, and feelings

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21
Q

instrumental support

A

when a family member provides assistance with various tasks

22
Q

informational support

A

guidance, feedback, etc

23
Q

Parent child communication during adolescence…attachment argues

A

that parent-child relationships are inherently stable over time in terms of the quality of their functioning

24
Q

Parent child communication during adolescence…closeness is

A

degree to which individuals affect and are affected by each other

25
Q

effects of parenthood on marriage, and vice versa

A

8 year prospective study
Effect of the birth of the 1st child on relationship functioning using data from 218 couples
Cross-sectional studies
Majority demonstrated patterns of change consistent with an immediate or delayed impact of the transition to parenthood
Also a nonparent sample
Limitations

26
Q

Types of sibling relationships

A

Intimate-highly devoted, takes priority over other relationships
Congenial- affectionate and close, clearly place more value on marital and parent-child relationships
Loyal- adhere to cultural norms, support each other in crisis
Apathetic- mutually disinterested and see little of each other
Hostile- strong negative feelings toward one another.

27
Q

Institutional criteria

A

extent to which marriage meets the instrumental needs of- an individual and society.

28
Q

companionate criteria

A

to which marriage fulfills psychological needs and desires

29
Q

personal commitment

A

person’s desire for staying in a relationship and is affected by one’s attraction to their partner, the relationship, and couple identity

30
Q

moral commitment

A

moral obligation one feels

31
Q

structural commitment

A

constraints or barriers to leaving a relationship.

32
Q

relationship bank account

A

withdrawals and deposits

33
Q

Examples of “bids”

A

vocalizing (laughing, chuckling, grunting, etc.), affectionate touching, and affiliating gestures (opening doors)

34
Q

Active listening model

A

?

35
Q

What four ways are family conflicts usually stopped?

A

submission (one person in the disputing members each “give a little” and find a “middle ground”, standoff (members drop the conflict without resolution by agreeing to disagree and moving on), and withdrawal (one party leaves the interaction by refusing to talk or leaving the room)

36
Q

solvable arguments

A

can be resolved

37
Q

serial arguments

A

Serial conflicts part of family life forever

Serial arguments or perpetual conflicts deeply rooted

38
Q

ELVN model classification of conflict strategies

A

direct and cooperative, direct and competitive, indirect and cooperative, and indirect and competitive

39
Q

triangulation

A

a family systems process whereby two family members in conflict will draw in a third member to mediate the conflict or act as an ally

40
Q

pluralistic families

A

high conversation orientation and low conformity

41
Q

consensual families

A

high conversation orientation and high conformity

42
Q

protective families

A

low in conversation and high in conformity

43
Q

laissez-faire families

A

few interactions and discuss a limited number of topics.

44
Q

parentification studies

A

Data analysis primarily focused on identifying concurrent associations between emotional parentification and theoretically related constructs

45
Q

Prospective Associations From Family-of-Origin Interactions to Adult Marital Interactions and Relationship Adjustment

A

The ability of couples to communicate constructively about disagreements and relationship conflicts is a well established predictor of marital health and longevity
For the model testing whether marital positive engagement mediates the association between family positive engagement and marital adjustment, the data met the prerequisites of mediation for the full sample

46
Q

U curve

A

of marital satisfaction

47
Q

hostility=

A

strongest predictor of decrease in marital satisfaction for wives

48
Q

withdrawal=

A

strongest predictor of declines in satisfaction for husbands

49
Q

The communication behaviors that will ultimately lead to the demise of marriage are

A

already in place before the husband and wife marry.

50
Q

Demography

A

statistical study of human population characteristics, particularly as they are influenced by such phenomenon as fertility, marriages, and mortality.

51
Q

Distance and isolation cascade toward divorce

A

flooding to perceptions that marital problems are severe to desire to work problems out individually to the creation of separate lives to loneliness

52
Q

Cold feet

A

Do cold feet warn of trouble ahead?
Premarital doubts are common
Men more commonly have doubts than women
Doubts predicted poorer marital outcomes after 4 years

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