Exam 2 Radiology Flashcards
X-Ray views:
PA
AP
Lateral
Oblique
Decubitus
PA = post to anterior (shot from back)
AP = ant to post (shot from front)
Lateral = side through sagittal plane
Oblique = angled
Decubitus = pt on side
Abdominal X-Ray terminology? (3)
KUB (kidney, ureters, bladder)
Flat plate
2-way (AP supine and upright)
X-Ray colors meaning:
Black?
Dk gray?
Gray?
Lt gray?
White?
Bright white?
(High penetration beam/Low radiodensity object)
Black = Air
Dk gray = Fat
Gray = Water, Soft tissue
Lt gray = Bone, Overlap shadow
White = Contrast, Dense bone
Bright white = Metal
(Low penetration/High radiodensity)
Which view of heart is most accurate?
PA view
Steps in reading films:
I Quit And Wanna Be Free
+ 3 add’l steps
Identify pt Quality of film Air (organs w/ air and free air) Water/fluid density (soft tissue) Bone Funny things
Compare to old films
Look for symmetry L v R
Look at location of concern LAST
The border of materials of same density appears how on X-Ray?
No/fuzzy border seen (silhouette sign)
Heart mm next to pleural effusion appears how?
Loss of heart border and diaphragm shadow
Mediastinum appearance on Normal Supine AP CXR?
Wider than on N Erect PA CXR
COPD present on XRay as?
Hyperlucency (darker)
Flat diaph
Pneumothorax present on XRay as?
Hyperlucency w/ absent vascular markings
What additional kind of CXR needed for Pneumothorax?
Expiratory
Compare to regular film ->
Vol of thorax is same, lung vol shrinks
Pneumomediastinum is?
Air in mediastinum
Can leak into neck
SQ Emphysema is?
Presents on XRay?
Presentation on exam?
Air leak from lungs into SQ tissue
Dark lines following mm and tissue planes
Crackle/velcro sounds
Palpable crackles under skin (bubble-wrap)
Pleural effusion presents on XRay?
Blunting of costophrenic angle (early sign)
Concave density of CPA, Visible lung fissures (later)
Lat decub CXR shows fluid “layerd-out” along chest wall
Meniscus sign (crescent-shaped air pocket surrounded by consolidated lung tissue)
Tracheal/Heart shift
Infiltrate is?
Crap in lung tissue, not the pleural space
Effusion is?
Fluid in pleural space, not in the lung tissue
HF effects on lungs?
1) Redistrib blood to up lobes (cephalization)
2) Interstitial edema (Kerley B lines)
3) Fluid in alveoli
Interstitial edema presents on XRay?
Blurred edges of bv
“Kerley-B lines”
Fluid in alveoli presents on XRay?
Hazy perihilar infiltrates in butterfly pattern
Air Bronchograms (Air-filled bronchi) seen?
Not seen?
In lung infiltrates
In effusion and pulmonary edema when airways always contain fluid
Signs of CHF on film?
Kerley B
Peribronchial cuffing
Fluid-filled fissures
Atelectasis is?
Presents on film?
Loss of some or all vol of lung
Shift of interlobar fissures ↑ lung density Shift of trachea, heart, diaph Overinflation of unaffected ipsilat lobe or contrlat lung U no air bronchs
TB presents on film?
Up lobe infiltrate
Hilar adenopathy
Adenopathy present on film?
Round masses
Pulmonary metastases present on film?
Mass w/ smooth, round borders
Meniscus Sign is seen w/?
Pleural effusion
Sarcoidosis presentation on film?
Bilat hilar adenopathy
Paratracheal adenopathy
Bilat interstitial reticulo-nodular pattern
PE presents on film?
Non-specific ↑ hemidiaph Subsegmental atelectasis Patchy infiltrates **U CXR is normal
Anterior mediastinal mass types?
Thymoma
Substernal thyroid
Middle mediastinal mass types?
Lymphoma
Posterior mediastinal mass types?
Neurofibroma/blastoma
Heart should be what size on film?
half the width of whole chest or less
RVH presents on film?
↓ retrosternal air space
LVH presents on film?
More prominent L lat heart border on PA
More post position of lower heart border on lat view
RAE presents on film?
More prominent R heart border
LAE presents on film?
More prominent L up heart border
Double density along R heart border
Wider trach bifurcations
Fractured ribs 1-3 U =?
severe injury
Bony lesions on ribs U due to?
metastatic tumors
