Exam 2 Questions

Question 1

Why have the Atlantic Revolutions been described as democratic revolutions?

Answer 1

Their overall thrust was to extend political rights further than ever before

Question 2

In the nineteenth century, nationalism in Europe fueled

Answer 2

A competitive drive for colonies in Asia and Africa

Question 3

In contrast to the American Revolution, the French Revolution

Answer 3

Sought to re-create society from scratch

Question 4

In response to Napoleon’s conquest and reform of European lands outside France, the people in the conquered lands

Answer 4

Accepted many of the reforms but revolted against French control

Question 5

How did the end of the international slave trade affect Africa?

Answer 5

Reliance on salve labor increased in West and East Africa

Question 6

The Atlantic Revolutions were inspiried by the Enlightenment belief that political and social arrangements

Answer 6

Could be improved by human action

Question 7

What did freedom mean in post-revolutionary Haiti?

Answer 7

Independence and the end of slavery

Question 8

How did the Atlantic Revolutions influence subsequent movements that spread throughout Europe in the nineteenth century?

Answer 8

All were committed to republicanism and social equality

Question 9

What common set of circumstances contributed to the abolition of slavery in the Atlantic world and the end of serfdom in Russia in the nineteenth century?

Answer 9

Fear of rebellion, economic inefficiency, and moral concerns

Question 10

Which of the following reflects an understanding of the nation associated with civic nationalism in the nineteenth century?

Answer 10

A diverse group of people who assimilate into the dominant culture of a particular territory

Question 11

Which of the following was used by intellectuals in the nineteenth-century Europe to argue for women’s rights?

Answer 11

Maternal feminism

Question 12

Atlantic Revolutions challenged the absolute and divine authority of

Answer 12

Monarchies

Question 13

According to Marx, what was at the heart of all historical development?

Answer 13

Class struggle

Question 14

How did Marx predict a truly just society would come into existence?

Answer 14

Through violent revolution

Question 15

According to Bernstein, on which of the following should socialists activists concentrate?

Answer 15

The expansion of political and economic rights for the working classes

Question 16

According to Zetkin, what was the primary aim of female members of the German Social Democratic Party?

Answer 16

The establishment of a classless society

Question 17

According to Lenin, who should lead the revolution in Russia?

Answer 17

Professional revolutionaries

Question 18

Which of the following gave Europeans an advantage in their encounters with people in Asia, Africa, and Oceania during the second half of the nineteenth century?

Answer 18

European superiority in military organization and discipline

Question 19

Which of the following highlights the relationships between imperialism and nationalism?

Answer 19

Colonies as symbols of Great Power status

Question 20

Which of the following reflects the effect of colonial rule in Africa on the lives of women?

Answer 20

Women of impoverished families became heads of household in the absence of men

Question 21

Which of the following characterizes the responses of societies facing the threat of European colonial rule in the nineteenth century?

Answer 21

Accommodation for those who saw colonial rule as advantageous and resistance for those who viewed colonial rule as oppressive

Question 22

Which of the following was a European colonial view that shaped the development of African identity in the nineteenth century?

Answer 22

The notion of an African divided into tribes

Question 23

Which of the following expresses the relationship between the number of European settlers in colonies in Africa, Asia, and Oceania and the extent of racial segregation and discrimination in the imperialism of the nineteenth century?

Answer 23

Colonies with a large European settler population experienced more racial discrimination and racial segregation

Question 24

The spread of Christianity in Africa was facilitated by its association with

Answer 24

Modern education

Question 25

How were the colonial takeovers of India and Indonesia during the long nineteenth century similar?

Answer 25

In both, colonial conquest grew out of earlier interaction with European trading firms

Question 26

Which of the following represents the imperialist actions of a country outside Europe?

Answer 26

Japan’s takeover of Taiwan and Korea

Question 27

What elements of the modernizing process did colonial rule convey on colonies?

Answer 27

Communication and transportation infrastructure

Question 28

Which of the following describes the effect of nineteenth-cenutry imperialism on the societies of Pacific Oceania?

Answer 28

Competitive annexations as Britain, France, Netherlands, Germany, the US, and Australia claimed control of all the islands of Oceania

Question 29

Which of the following was a consequence of nineteenth-century European imperialism on colonized societies?

Answer 29

The integration of colonial economies into a global network of exchange centered in Europe

Question 30

What was the significance of the opium trade in China in the nineteenth century?

Answer 30

It reversed the trade imbalance in favor of Britain

Question 31

Which of the following reflects the goal of the policies introduced by the Chinese state in the 1860s and 1870s to address the problems facing China?

Answer 31

To reinvigorate China by selectively borrowing from the West

Question 32

Which of the following characterizes the goal of the Tanzimat reform initiated by the Ottoman leadership in the mid-nineteenth century?

Answer 32

To establish an economic, social, and legal base for a strong centralized state

Question 33

Islam retained a hold on Chinese civilization in the twentieth century more firmly than Confucianism did in China because Islamic civilization

Answer 33

Had many independent centers

Question 34

What was a result of the reform program launched by the Japanese leadership in the nineteenth century?

Answer 34

A radical transformation of the social structure of Japan

Question 35

What did the Young Turks advocate?

Answer 35

A militantly secular Turkish state

Question 36

Which of the following characterizes Japanese colonial policies in Taiwan and Korea in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

Answer 36

Japanese colonialism matched or exceeded the brutality of European colonialism

Question 37

The capitulations between European countries and the Ottoman Empire were similar to the

Answer 37

Unequal treaties between European countries and China

Question 38

How did Napolean’s invasion of Egypt in 1798 affect the Ottoman Empire?

Answer 38

The Ottoman Empire lost Egypt as a province

Question 39

In what way was Japan in a better position than China or the Ottoman Empire in its encounter with Western imperialism?

Answer 39

Japan was of less interest to the Western powers

Question 40

Which of the following reflects the combination of foreign and Japanese elements characteristic of Meiji reforms in the late nineteenth century?

Answer 40

The Meiji constitution

Question 41

Which of the following events established Japan as an economic, political, and military competitor in Asia?

Answer 41

The Russo-Japanese War

Question 42

Which of the following explains why industrialization first occurred in Europe?

Answer 42

European rulers fostered usually close alliances with their merchant classes

Question 43

Which of the following arguments serves to counter the notion that European culture is inherently more suited to industry and technology?

Answer 43

In 1750, core areas of Europe and Asia enjoyed similar levels of economic development

Question 44

In what parts of the world did industrialization head to major social transformations?

Answer 44

Britain, the United States, and Japan

Question 45

In nineteenth-century Britain, women from the laboring classes found jobs as

Answer 45

Factory workers and domestic servants

Question 46

Which of the following was a reason for the failure of socialism to take root in the US?

Answer 46

The availability of cheap land and high rates of home ownership

Question 47

Industrialization was associated with violent social revolution only in

Answer 47

Russia

Question 48

Which of the following describes the situation in Latin America after independence?

Answer 48

Internal divisions, regional revolts, and foreign wars created political instability

Question 49

In what way did the Industrial Revolution transform the human relationship to the natural world?

Answer 49

People learned to access energy resources derived from outside the biosphere

Question 50

Which of the following groups benefited the most from the Industrial Revolution in nineteenth-century Britain?

Answer 50

The middle classes