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Vision Science 2 > Exam 2 Questions > Flashcards

Exam 2 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What type of visual field defect will a lesion of OD optic radiations prior to V1 cause?

A

left homonymous hemianopsia with macular sparing

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2
Q

What type of visual defect will a lesion of OD Meyer’s loop cause?

A

left “pie in the sky” (left homonymous superior quadranopsia

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3
Q

In what layers do mango cells appear in the LGN?

A

Layers 1 & 2

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4
Q

In what layers do parvo cells appear in the LGN?

A

Layers 3,4,5, & 6

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5
Q

What class of cells is most numerous in the LGN?

A

parvo (90%)

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6
Q

What kind of ganglion cells connect to the parvocellular region of the LGN?

A

midget

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7
Q

What kind of ganglion cells connect to the koniocellular region of the LGN?

A

bistratified

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8
Q

What class of cells has the largest receptive field?

A

magnocellular

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9
Q

What type of color opponency do parvo cells have?

A

red-green opponency

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10
Q

What type of cones does koniocellular receive input from?

A

S-cones

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11
Q

What layer do mango cells enter in the primary visual cortex?

A

4C-alpha

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12
Q

What layer do parvo cells enter in the primary visual cortex?

A

4C-beta

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13
Q

Where to konio cells enter the primary visual cortex?

A

blobs

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14
Q

What type of cells have a sustained response causing decreased temporal frequency, but increased spatial frequency?

A

parvo cells

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15
Q

What type of cells have a transient response accompanied with high temporal frequency?

A

magno cells

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16
Q

What type of cells create information to perceive movement?

A

magno cells

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17
Q

What type of detector is also known as a bug detector for frogs?

A

convexity detector

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18
Q

Which type of cell does not sum spatial information in a linear fashion, causing the lack of a null position?

A

magno cells

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19
Q

What type of cell responds to spectral differences?

A

mango cells (no color opponency)

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20
Q

What type of cells aid mango cells in producing a transient response?

A

amacrine cells

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21
Q

What cell system does isoluminant gratings isolate?

A

parvocellular (thought to silence magnocellular system)

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22
Q

On an increment threshold graph, which curve represents which pathway?

A 
flicker= magno
color= parvo
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23
Q

What wavelength are ON ganglion cells selective for?

A

shorter wavelengths

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24
Q

What type of cell is directly stimulated by light?

A

melanopsin ganglion cell

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25
What type of cells are involved in generating circadian rhythm?
melanopsin ganglion cells
26
What are of the visual pathway allows you to make smooth pursuits?
medial temporal lobe
27
What is the greatest illusion?
reading
28
When you stare at someone's face, where do your eyes first fixate?
your eyes track the other person's eyes and then focus on the mouse and nose and then comes back to the eyes--> using saccadic movement
29
What are the two most important eye fields?
frontal eye fields (FEF) and medial superior temporal area (MST)
30
What type of cells are associated with the dorsal pathway?
magnocellular
31
What lobe does the dorsal pathway travel towards?
parietal lobe
32
What type of cells are associated with the ventral pathway?
parvocellular
33
What lobe does the ventral pathway travel towards?
temporal lobe
34
What type of photoreceptors communicate with the magnocellular system?
rods
35
What are the two types of cells in the striate cortex?
simple and complex cells
36
What is the general pathway from the retina to V1?
retinal ganglion cells--> LGN--> pathways (mango, parvo, konio)--> simple cells--> complex cells
37
What term is described as slow following movement followed by a fast compensatory eye movement?
optokinetic nystagmus
38
What is another name for the primary visual cortex?
area 17, V1, visual cortex, striate cortex
39
What shape stimulus does a ganglion cell respond to?
SPOT of light
40
What shape stimulus does a simple cell respond to?
BAR of light
41
True or False. Complex cells have antagonistic receptive fields.
False, simple cells have antagonistic receptive fields
42
True or False. Simple cells will give the same response regardless of the orientation of the light stimulus.
False, simple cells are orientation selective and respond stronger to certain orientations than others
43
What type of cell is an edge detector?
simple cell
44
What type of cell is responsible for the Hermann Grid illusion?
simple cells
45
What are the 5 criteria that was disproved to prove that simple cells are responsible for the Hermann Grid illusion?
1. Effect is NOT size dependent. 2. Contrast reversal DOES cause the effect. 3. Effect does NOT persist with a similar relationship between the stimulus and receptive field 4. Distribution and discharge does NOT inhibit the effect 5. Spatial arrangement of of receptive fields does NOT inhibit the effect
46
What type of cells are the majority in the primary visual cortex?
complex cells
47
What type of cells are selective for length of the stimulus?
hypercomplex cells
48
What causes the reduced response with a hypercomplex cell when a stimulus is the incorrect length?
inhibition by receptive fields of other cells nearby
49
Which cell is spatially invariant?
complex cells
50
Which cells are the best direction detectors?
complex cells
51
What layer do cells from the LGN synapse in the striate cortex?
layer 4
52
In a visual cortical module, which layers are the ocular dominance columns in?
layer 4
53
True or False. Blobs are continuous throughout the entire cortical module.
False, blobs are not in layer 4, but continue to layer 5 and 6
54
True or False. Going vertically down the same column will show cells that all respond to the same stimulus orientation.
True, orientation columns are vertical in a visual cortical module
55
True or False. Going horizontally through the cortex will show cells that respond to a continuum in the orientation.
True, ocular dominance columns are parallel in a visual cortical module and contain a variety of cells that respond to a continuum of orientation
56
What pathway is responsible for shape detection?
parvocellular pathway
57
What is blindsight?
patient is effectively blind but can detect location and/or movement
58
How does an fMRI record readings?
detects oxygen levels and blood flow in the brain to sense where the greatest amount of activity is happening
59
Which pathway is mostly responsible for disparity?
magnocellular
60
Which pathway feeds into the thick stripe of V2?
magnocellular
61
Which pathway feeds into the pale stripe of V2?
parvocellular
62
Which pathway feeds into the thin stripe of V2?
koniocellular
63
At what level of the cortical pathway is subjective contour created?
V2
64
What is defined as creating artificial contours that aren't actually there?
subjective contour
65
At what level of the cortical pathway is Non-Cartesian pattern created? And what pathway?
V4, parvocellular pathway
66
At what level of the ventral pathway do we interpret facial recognition? i.e. who the face is
prefrontal cortex
67
What pathway produces information for pursuit movements?
magnocellular pathway (dorsal pathway)
68
At what level of the dorsal pathway do we create pursuit eye movements and Non-Cartesian motion?
MST/MSTd
69
What is it called when you stare and an object in motion (a waterfall) and then when you stare at a stationary object it appears to be moving the opposite direction?
motion after effect
70
Where are the neurons that are selective for the moving contours in motion after effect located?
MT lobe
71
What is akinetopsia?
inability to detect motion--> see the world in stop motion
72
Where could the possible lesion be that causes akinetopsia?
medial temporal lobe
73
What cells are highly tuned to image selectivity?
MT image selective cells
74
What are MT image selective cells thought to help with?
facial/object recognition--> only fire to a specific image
75
What structure is also located in the MT lobe that may explain why we have relationships between identifying images in the MT lobe?
hippocampus
76
What is a solution to alleviate change blindness?
overlap images
77
What is change blindness?
can't see the difference between two images
78
What is the term when people neglect one side of their body and they have problems copying and drawing correctly as well?
visual neglect
79
In the frog experiment, what were the four types of detectors found?
contrast detector, convexity detector, movement detector, dim detector
80
Which detector in the frog experiment has the greatest area?
dim detector, contrast detector has the smallest area
81
What type of cells are located in the cerebrum?
simple and complex cells (ganglion cells and LGN are located in the thalamus)
82
How many antagonistic fields do simple cells that are bar detectors have?
3 antagonistic fields

Vision Science 2 (1 decks)

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