Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Vision Science 2 > Exam 2 Questions > Flashcards

Exam 2 Questions Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What type of visual field defect will a lesion of OD optic radiations prior to V1 cause?

A

left homonymous hemianopsia with macular sparing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of visual defect will a lesion of OD Meyer’s loop cause?

A

left “pie in the sky” (left homonymous superior quadranopsia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In what layers do mango cells appear in the LGN?

A

Layers 1 & 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In what layers do parvo cells appear in the LGN?

A

Layers 3,4,5, & 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What class of cells is most numerous in the LGN?

A

parvo (90%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What kind of ganglion cells connect to the parvocellular region of the LGN?

A

midget

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What kind of ganglion cells connect to the koniocellular region of the LGN?

A

bistratified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What class of cells has the largest receptive field?

A

magnocellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of color opponency do parvo cells have?

A

red-green opponency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of cones does koniocellular receive input from?

A

S-cones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What layer do mango cells enter in the primary visual cortex?

A

4C-alpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What layer do parvo cells enter in the primary visual cortex?

A

4C-beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where to konio cells enter the primary visual cortex?

A

blobs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of cells have a sustained response causing decreased temporal frequency, but increased spatial frequency?

A

parvo cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of cells have a transient response accompanied with high temporal frequency?

A

magno cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of cells create information to perceive movement?

A

magno cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of detector is also known as a bug detector for frogs?

A

convexity detector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which type of cell does not sum spatial information in a linear fashion, causing the lack of a null position?

A

magno cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of cell responds to spectral differences?

A

mango cells (no color opponency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of cells aid mango cells in producing a transient response?

A

amacrine cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What cell system does isoluminant gratings isolate?

A

parvocellular (thought to silence magnocellular system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

On an increment threshold graph, which curve represents which pathway?

A 
flicker= magno
color= parvo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What wavelength are ON ganglion cells selective for?

A

shorter wavelengths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What type of cell is directly stimulated by light?

A

melanopsin ganglion cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What type of cells are involved in generating circadian rhythm?

A

melanopsin ganglion cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are of the visual pathway allows you to make smooth pursuits?

A

medial temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the greatest illusion?

A

reading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

When you stare at someone’s face, where do your eyes first fixate?

A

your eyes track the other person’s eyes and then focus on the mouse and nose and then comes back to the eyes–> using saccadic movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the two most important eye fields?

A

frontal eye fields (FEF) and medial superior temporal area (MST)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What type of cells are associated with the dorsal pathway?

A

magnocellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What lobe does the dorsal pathway travel towards?

A

parietal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What type of cells are associated with the ventral pathway?

A

parvocellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What lobe does the ventral pathway travel towards?

A

temporal lobe

34
Q

What type of photoreceptors communicate with the magnocellular system?

A

rods

35
Q

What are the two types of cells in the striate cortex?

A

simple and complex cells

36
Q

What is the general pathway from the retina to V1?

A

retinal ganglion cells–> LGN–> pathways (mango, parvo, konio)–> simple cells–> complex cells

37
Q

What term is described as slow following movement followed by a fast compensatory eye movement?

A

optokinetic nystagmus

38
Q

What is another name for the primary visual cortex?

A

area 17, V1, visual cortex, striate cortex

39
Q

What shape stimulus does a ganglion cell respond to?

A

SPOT of light

40
Q

What shape stimulus does a simple cell respond to?

A

BAR of light

41
Q

True or False. Complex cells have antagonistic receptive fields.

A

False, simple cells have antagonistic receptive fields

42
Q

True or False. Simple cells will give the same response regardless of the orientation of the light stimulus.

A

False, simple cells are orientation selective and respond stronger to certain orientations than others

43
Q

What type of cell is an edge detector?

A

simple cell

44
Q

What type of cell is responsible for the Hermann Grid illusion?

A

simple cells

45
Q

What are the 5 criteria that was disproved to prove that simple cells are responsible for the Hermann Grid illusion?

A
  1. Effect is NOT size dependent.
  2. Contrast reversal DOES cause the effect.
  3. Effect does NOT persist with a similar relationship between the stimulus and receptive field
  4. Distribution and discharge does NOT inhibit the effect
  5. Spatial arrangement of of receptive fields does NOT inhibit the effect
46
Q

What type of cells are the majority in the primary visual cortex?

A

complex cells

47
Q

What type of cells are selective for length of the stimulus?

A

hypercomplex cells

48
Q

What causes the reduced response with a hypercomplex cell when a stimulus is the incorrect length?

A

inhibition by receptive fields of other cells nearby

49
Q

Which cell is spatially invariant?

A

complex cells

50
Q

Which cells are the best direction detectors?

A

complex cells

51
Q

What layer do cells from the LGN synapse in the striate cortex?

A

layer 4

52
Q

In a visual cortical module, which layers are the ocular dominance columns in?

A

layer 4

53
Q

True or False. Blobs are continuous throughout the entire cortical module.

A

False, blobs are not in layer 4, but continue to layer 5 and 6

54
Q

True or False. Going vertically down the same column will show cells that all respond to the same stimulus orientation.

A

True, orientation columns are vertical in a visual cortical module

55
Q

True or False. Going horizontally through the cortex will show cells that respond to a continuum in the orientation.

A

True, ocular dominance columns are parallel in a visual cortical module and contain a variety of cells that respond to a continuum of orientation

56
Q

What pathway is responsible for shape detection?

A

parvocellular pathway

57
Q

What is blindsight?

A

patient is effectively blind but can detect location and/or movement

58
Q

How does an fMRI record readings?

A

detects oxygen levels and blood flow in the brain to sense where the greatest amount of activity is happening

59
Q

Which pathway is mostly responsible for disparity?

A

magnocellular

60
Q

Which pathway feeds into the thick stripe of V2?

A

magnocellular

61
Q

Which pathway feeds into the pale stripe of V2?

A

parvocellular

62
Q

Which pathway feeds into the thin stripe of V2?

A

koniocellular

63
Q

At what level of the cortical pathway is subjective contour created?

A

V2

64
Q

What is defined as creating artificial contours that aren’t actually there?

A

subjective contour

65
Q

At what level of the cortical pathway is Non-Cartesian pattern created? And what pathway?

A

V4, parvocellular pathway

66
Q

At what level of the ventral pathway do we interpret facial recognition? i.e. who the face is

A

prefrontal cortex

67
Q

What pathway produces information for pursuit movements?

A

magnocellular pathway (dorsal pathway)

68
Q

At what level of the dorsal pathway do we create pursuit eye movements and Non-Cartesian motion?

A

MST/MSTd

69
Q

What is it called when you stare and an object in motion (a waterfall) and then when you stare at a stationary object it appears to be moving the opposite direction?

A

motion after effect

70
Q

Where are the neurons that are selective for the moving contours in motion after effect located?

A

MT lobe

71
Q

What is akinetopsia?

A

inability to detect motion–> see the world in stop motion

72
Q

Where could the possible lesion be that causes akinetopsia?

A

medial temporal lobe

73
Q

What cells are highly tuned to image selectivity?

A

MT image selective cells

74
Q

What are MT image selective cells thought to help with?

A

facial/object recognition–> only fire to a specific image

75
Q

What structure is also located in the MT lobe that may explain why we have relationships between identifying images in the MT lobe?

A

hippocampus

76
Q

What is a solution to alleviate change blindness?

A

overlap images

77
Q

What is change blindness?

A

can’t see the difference between two images

78
Q

What is the term when people neglect one side of their body and they have problems copying and drawing correctly as well?

A

visual neglect

79
Q

In the frog experiment, what were the four types of detectors found?

A

contrast detector, convexity detector, movement detector, dim detector

80
Q

Which detector in the frog experiment has the greatest area?

A

dim detector, contrast detector has the smallest area

81
Q

What type of cells are located in the cerebrum?

A

simple and complex cells (ganglion cells and LGN are located in the thalamus)

82
Q

How many antagonistic fields do simple cells that are bar detectors have?

A

3 antagonistic fields

Vision Science 2 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions