Exam 2 Pt. 1 Flashcards
Transverse Fracture
run at right angles to the long axis
Usually direct blows or tensile forces
common in pathologic conditions
Oblique Fracture
45 degrees to the long axis
results from angulation or + compression
may have small transverse component
Spiral fracture
encircles shaft and is longer than oblique fx.
Results from torque and axial compression
ends are pointed like a pen
Apposition is
the relation of the bony fragments in relation of the distal fragment relative to the proximal
When the apposition does not match what do we call it?
offset
what is alignment
position of the distal fragment in relation to the proximal in the LONGITUDINAL axis
Rotation is most easily determined by
clinical evaluation over radiograph
Salter H 1
complete shear injury of the physis
Salter H 2
fracture through physis and metaphysis
Salter H 3
Fracture physis and epiphysis
Salter H 4
fracture of the physis, metaphysis, and epiphysis
Salter H 5
compression fracture of the physis
what is the MC Salter Harris
Type 2
Rates of fractures in males
highest rate in 2nd and 3rd decade then decrease by 45, then raises after 65yrs
rates of fractures of females
highest up to 20yrs and decreases to 45, where it begins to steadily increase
Foosh <5yrs
supracondylar fx
Foosh 5-10yrs
transverse radial metaphysis fx
Foosh 10-16yrs
epiphyseal seperation radius
Foosh 16-35yrs
scaphoid or other carpal fx
Foosh >40
Colles fx or ulna Fx
Foosh >70
surgical neck humerous fx
what is the weakest part of bone in 10-16yrs and in elderly
epiphyseal region
2nd MC fx in elderly
proximal femur
Infants rate of repair
rapid and complete union
4-6 weeks
Adolescents rate of repair
less rapid and complete union
6-8 weeks
Adults rate of repair
Slow union
10-12 weeks or 16-20
Three phases of Healing
- inflammatory or Circulatory
- Reparative or Metabolic
- Remolding phase
