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Gross Anatomy > Exam 2 Prep. > Flashcards

Exam 2 Prep. Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of a type 1 AC joint separation?

A

-Sprain or partial tear of AC capsule and ligament.
-No injury to the coracoclavicular ligament .
-Causes tenderness to the AC joint and often has mild swelling.

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of a type 2 AC joint separation?

A

-The AC ligament and capsule is torn.
-The coracoclavicular ligaments are either partially torn or not injured.
-Associated with pain and swelling.
-Small bump on the top of the shoulder where the clavicle ends

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of a type 3 AC joint separation?

A

-Complete tear to the AC joint capsule and ligament
-Complete tear to the coracoclavicular ligaments
-Marked elevation at the end of the clavicle

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4
Q

What does the suprascapular nerve Innervate?

A

The superspinatus and infraspinatus muscles

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5
Q

The Levator scapulae and the Rhomboids are Innervated by what nerve?

A

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

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6
Q

The Long Thoracic nerve innervates what muscle?

A

Serratus Anterior

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7
Q

Damage to what nerve may result in loss or weakness in scapular elevation?

A

Dorsal Scapular Nerve - levator scapulae, and rhomboids

Spinal Accessory Nerve - Trapezius

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8
Q

Damage to the lower subscapular nerve will affect which motion?

1) Adduction and medial rotation
2) Lateral rotation
3) Elevation of the scapula
4) Scapular retraction

A

1) Adduction and Medial rotation (Teres Major and Subscapularis)

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9
Q

Which of the following nerves provides the motor innervation to the posterior arm?

Musculocutaneous
Axillary
Radial
Median
Ulnar

A

Radial

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10
Q

Which of the following nerves passes posteriorly to the medial epicondyle of the humerus (through cubical tunnel)?

Musculocutaneous
Axillary
Radial
Median
Ulnar

A

Ulnar

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11
Q

Which of the following nerves passes between the bicep brachii and the brachialis muscles?

Musculocutaneous
Axillary
Radial
Median
Ulnar

A

Musculocutaneous

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12
Q

From the list below, identify the roots of the musculocutaneous nerve?
-C4, C5, C6
-C5, C6, C7
-C5, C6
-C8, T1
-C6, C7, C8, T1

A

C5 , C6, C7

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13
Q

A lesion in the inferior trunk will affect which terminal nerves? (Partially)

1) Dorsal scapular, Radial, Lateral Pectoral nerve
2) Axillary, Ulnar, Median nerve
3) Musculocutaneous, Upper Subscapular, long Thoracic nerve
4) Ulnar, Median, Radial nerve

A

4) Ulnar, Median, Radial Nerve

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14
Q

A patient presents with loss of sensation in the back of the hand and in the pinky and some on the ring finger. What nerve is affected?

A) Dorsal cutaneous
B) Superficial radial
C) Median
D) Deep Radial

A

A) Dorsal cutaneous

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15
Q

If a patient presents with skin sensitivity in the posterior arm, what nerve is affected?

A)Superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve
B) Lateral Cutaneous nerve
C) Superficial radial nerve
D) Radial cutaneous

A

D) Radial Cutaneous

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16
Q

A patient has difficulty with GH internal rotation, what nerve or nerves are affected?

(More than one answer)

A

Upper subscapular (Subscap. m.)
Lower subscapular (Subscap. m., Teres Major)
Axillary (Anterior Deltoid m.)
Thoracodorsal (Latissimus Dorsi)
Lateral pectoral (Pec major)
Medial pectoral (Pec major)

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17
Q

If a patient has difficulty with GH external rotation, what nerve or nerves will be affected?

A

Suprascapular Nerve
Axillary Nerve

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18
Q

The Musculocutaneous nerve passes through which muscle?

A. Brachialis
B. Long Head of Bicep
C. Short Head of Bicep
D. Coracobrachialis

A

D. Coracobrachialis

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18
Q

If a patient presents presents in the clinic with weakness in abduction and external rotation. The therapist also notices some loss of sensation in the deltoid region, what is affected?

A) Triangular Interval
B) Quadrangular Space
C) Triangular Space

A

B) Quadrangular Space

19
Q

A 32 year old man comes to the clinic with difficulty abducting the arm and has a tingling sensation on the upper lateral aspect of the arm. Which of the following nerves would you suspect has been damaged:

A. Median Nerve
B. Deep Radial Nerve
C. Thoracodorsal Nerve
D. Axillary Nerve

A

D. Axillary Nerve

20
Q

A 50 year old woman came to the hospital because she lost sensation to the skin of the lateral aspect of her forearm. The nerve that is damaged is a continuation of which of the following nerves:

A. Median Nerve
B. Ulnar Nerve
C. Musculocutaneous Nerve
D. Radial Nerve

A

C. Musculocutaneous Nerve

21
Q

A patient walks in the clinic, has pain and limited movement of the shoulder. You notice that when he pushes his hand against the wall there’s pronounced backward movement of the medial border of the scapula.
Which of the following nerves would you suspect has been damaged?

A. Median Nerve
B. Dorsal Scapular Nerve
C. Long thoracic Nerve
D. Suprascapular Nerve

A

C. Long Thoracic Nerve

Patient is pushing into wall that is scap. protraction, and there is backwards movement of the scapula, that is scapular winging. The serratus anterior is the muscle in charge of that and the Long Thoracic innervates that muscle.

22
Q

What passes through the Triangular Interval?

A

-Radial Nerve

-Profunda Brachii Artery

23
Q

What are the borders of the Triangular Interval?

A

Medial: Long head of tricep
Lateral: Lateral head of tricep
Superior: Teres Major

24
Q

What passes through the Quadrangular Space?

A

-Posterior humeral circumflex Artery

-Axillary Nerve

25
Q

What are the borders of the Quadrangular Space?

A

Medial: Long head of tricep
Lateral: Humerus
Superior: Teres Minor
Inferior: Teres Major

26
Q

What would we find in the anterior brachial compartment?
(Muscle, nerve, artery)

A

Muscle: Bicep Brachii, Coracobrachialis, Brachialis

Nerve: Median, Ulnar, Musculocutaneous, Radial

Artery: Brachial A.

27
Q

What are the border for the Triangular Space?

A

Lateral: Long head of Tricep
Superior: Teres Minor
Inferior: Teres Major

28
Q

What passes through the Triangular Space?

A

Circumflex Scapular Artery

29
Q

What would we find in the Posterior Brachial Compartment?
(Muscle, Nerve, Artery)

A

Muscle: Tricep, Anconeus

Nerve: Radial

Artery: Profunda Brachii

30
Q

What lies in the Carpal Tunnel?

A
  • Median Nerve
  • Tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus
  • Tendon of Flexor pollicis Longus
    -Synovial sheaths surrounding these tendons
31
Q

What is found in Guyon’s Canal?

A

Ulnar Nerve

Ulnar Artery

32
Q

What is found in the Anatomical Snuffbox?

A

Radial Artery

Superficial Radial Nerve

33
Q

What is in each Extensor Tunnels?
(All 6)

A

1st- Abductor Pollicis Longus, Extensor Pollicis Brevis

2nd- ECRL, ECRB

3rd- Extensor Pollicis Longus

4th- Extensor Digitorum, Extensor Indicis

5th Extensor Digiti Minimi

6th- Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

34
Q

What is Lateral Epicondylitis?

A

Overuse of repeated forceful supination, wrist extension , and radial deviation

35
Q

What muscles are involved in Lateral Epicondylitis?

A

ECRL, ECRB, Supinator, Extensor digitorum, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

36
Q

What nerve affects Lateral Epicondylitis?

A

Proximal tightness may compress the Deep Radial Nerve.

37
Q

What is Medial Epicondylitis?

A

Overuse of forceful or repeated pronation, and wrist flextion.

38
Q

What muscles are involved in Medial Epicondylitis?

A

Pronator Teres, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Palmaris Longus, Flexor Carpi Radialis, Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

39
Q

What nerve affects Medial Epicondylitis?

A

Inflammation or Hypertrophy of the Pronator Teres may result in compression of Median Nerve.

40
Q

What is Wrist Drop?

A

Sustained pressure on the Radial nerve resulting in Palsy of the radial nerve

41
Q

What are possible stressors for Wrist Drop?

A

Crutches, sleeping on arm, arm over backrest of chair

42
Q

Where would you see loss of function with Wrist Drop?

A

Loss of function to wrist extensors and associated muscular and sensation.

43
Q

What is the result of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

A

Paresthesia (numbness and tingling) at the palmer surface of the thumb, index and middle finger and the radial half of the ring finger.

Weakness and atrophy of the thenar muscles.

44
Q

What is DeQuarvain’s Tenosynovitis?

A

Inflammation of the synovial membrane of the Abductor Pollicis Longus and Extensor Pollicus Brevis (1st tunnel)

or

Inflammation of the synovial membrane of the ECRL and ECRB (2nd tunnel)

Gross Anatomy (2 decks)

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