Exam 2 prep

Question 1

first black member of Congress in RI

Answer 1

Gabe Amo

Question 2

First female Philly mayor

Answer 2

Cherelle Parker

Question 4

first black member of congress in RI

Answer 4

Gabe Amo

Question 5

first female Philly mayor

Answer 5

Cherelle parker

Question 6

first black woman on San Diego County board

Answer 6

Monica Montgomery-steppe

Question 7

what is public opinion

Answer 7

those opinions held by private persons which governments find it prudent to heed

Question 8

Why should politicians listen to public opinion

Answer 8

to win re-election and advance their preferences

Question 9

what are ways you shouldn’t measure public opinion

Answer 9

at protests or ask anyone

Question 10

why is polling difficult

Answer 10

no directory and some people wont respond and weighting is imperfect

Question 11

why are polls good for democracy

Answer 11

help politicians learn about citizen’s preferences and help individuals coordinate and solve collective action

Question 12

where does public opinion come from

Answer 12

attitudes, ideology, and partisanship

Question 13

where do individual opinions come from

Answer 13

political socialization, media, movies, TV, and information

Question 14

what are parties

Answer 14

coalition that seeks to control government by winning elections, solve collective action problems by coordinating group activities, promoting issue programs, translating public preferences into policies

Question 15

what do parties do

Answer 15

coordinate, reduce transaction costs, win elections, provide cues, enforce collective action and responsibility

Question 16

features of american parties

Answer 16

two party comp, decntralized parties, and professional politicians

Question 17

what do elections do

Answer 17

give citizens a say in who represents them, motivates responsive agents, allows for fire alarm oversight

Question 18

why arent people turning out

Answer 18

electoral outcomes are collective benefits, the paradox of voting

Question 19

how voters decide

Answer 19

past performance and incumbency, issue and policy stances, cues and shortcuts

Question 20

what do interest groups do

Answer 20

insider tactics; raise money, information and access- technical v political, mobilization efforts, drafting bills, commenting on regulation.
outsider tactics; promote information, demonstrations, protests, get media attention

Question 21

federalism

Answer 21

separation of powers between federal and state governments

Question 22

two types of federalism

Answer 22

dual federalism, shared federalism

Question 23

nationalization

Answer 23

knowledge and attention to national politics at the expense of local politics, using the same criteria to evaluate local and national candidates, influence of president/national issues on congressional elections

Question 24

where is nationalization coming from

Answer 24

voters are better sorted, candidates are better sorted, out of district, nationalized contributions, information environment is more polarized and national

Question 25

why did polarization increase

Answer 25

external: voter sorting, southern realignment, gerrymandering, primary elections, economic inequality, money in politics, media
internal: congressional rules changes, majority party tactics, party power, teamsmanship, norms

Question 26

civil liberties

Answer 26

freedom from government power

Question 27

civil rights

Answer 27

protections by government

Question 28

challenges to civil rights

Answer 28

federalism and separation of powers