Exam 2 Prep Flashcards
What is considered the anatomic hip?
The articulation between the acetabulum of the pelvis and the head of the femur
What is the configuration of the hip joint? Is it more stable or mobile?
- A deep ball and socket joint
-It is very stable
Clinically, what makes up the hip?
The region from the pelvis to the proximal thigh
What makes up the pelvic girdle?
-Lower lumbar segments
-Sacral-iliac joints
-Symphysis pubis
-Hip joints
-All supportive multi-segmental ligaments and muscles that span these articulations
What are the key soft tissues & ligaments of the hip?
-Y ligaments (pubofemoral, iliofemoral, ischiofemoral)
-Ligamentum teres
-Acetabular labrum
What motions can the hip move through?
-Abduction/adduction
-Flexion/extension
-Internal/external rotation
What is the function of the gluteus maximus at the hip joint?
-Hip extensor
-External rotator
What is the function of the hamstrings at the hip joint?
-Hip extensor
What are the abductors of the hip?
-Gluteus medius
-Gluteus maximus
-TFL
What are the main hip flexors?
-Iliopsoas
-Rectus femoris
What are the adductors of the hip?
-Pectineus
-Adductor longus
-Adductor brevis
-Adductor magnus
-Gracilis
What are the external rotators of the hip?
-The deep 6 (piriformis, superior & inferior gemellus, internal and external obturator, and quadratus femoris)
-Glute max
What are the internal rotators of the hip?
-Glute min
-Glute med
-TFL
What is the main blood supply of the femur?
-Head of femur supplied through ligamentum teres, but mainly through the circumflex arteries
-1/3 comes from the ligamentum teres and 2/3 comes from medial and lateral circumflex arteries
What should you be aware of after a hip dislocation, femoral head fracture, or Legg Perthes or SCFE in a child?
-Avascular necrosis
How much stress is on each hip during symmetrical standing?
1/3 of the bodyweight
How much stress is on the hip in single leg stance?
2X the bodyweight
How much stress is on the hip during vigorous walking?
5X the bodyweight
How much stress is on the hip when you jump from a 4 foot wall?
10X the body weight
For maximal stretch of hip flexors, should the patient be in external or internal rotation? Why?
Internal rotation, because the hip flexors insert at the lesser trochanter and internal rotation turns the lesser trochanter backwards, which stretches the hip flexors more.
What class lever system is standing on one leg?
Second class lever system because the load is in between the force and the fulcrum
What is a Trendelenburg sign? What causes it?
A Trendelenburg sign is a hip drop on one side which is caused by a weak gluteus medius muscle
What type of articulation occurs at the tibial-femoral joint?
A bicondyler joint articulation
What is the purpose of the menisci of the knee?
-To cushion the knee and help keep the femur in place on the tibia