Exam 2 Prep Flashcards
positive charge (typically metals)
cations
negative charge (typically nonmetals)
anions
average distance from the nucleus _____ down a group
increases
Zeff ______ across a row
increases
atom sizes decrease
across a row
cations are _____ than their parent ions
smaller
anions are _____ than their parent atoms
larger
amount of energy required to remove an electron from the ground state of a gaseous atom or ion
ionization energy
ionization energy ______ down a group
decreases
ionization energy _______ across a row
increases
Going down a row, ____ energy is required to remove the first electron
less
Going across a row, it gets ______ to remove an electron
harder
_____ is required to remove each successive electron
more
when all valence electrons have been removed, the ionization energy is _____
much greater
the energy involved when a gaseous atom gains an electron to form an anion
electron affinity
what type of elements have no affinity for electrons
noble gases
ionic bonds usually form between
a metal and a nonmetal
the amount of energy related when gas-phase ions combine to form one mole of a crystalline solid
lattice energy
Lattice energy becomes more exothermic as the ____ on the ions increases
charge
Lattice energy becomes less exothermic as ____ increases
ion size
an atom’s tendency to attract electrons toward itself within a covalent bond
electronegativity
electronegativity ______ going left to right across the periodic table
increases
Electronegativity _____ moving up the periodic table
increases
electronegativity of hydrogen is approximately equal to that of ____
carbon
