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Rad Phys > Exam 2: practice questions > Flashcards

Exam 2: practice questions Flashcards

1
Q

To double the density of a film by using mAs, what would you do

A

increase the mAs by 100%

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2
Q

what is true about a reciprocating grid

A

it is thicker than a stationary grid

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3
Q

when converting from a grid with a low ratio to a grid with a high ratio, what would be the best to maintain good film quality

A

increase the mAs

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4
Q

what is recommended for spinal radiography in the usual chiropractic office

A

a focused grid

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5
Q

what effects does using a high kV technique have

A

produces more scatter

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6
Q

the preferred focused grid range for spinal radiography is

A

40-72”

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7
Q

if a film has an overall darker gray appearance but visible structures the probable cause of the problem would be what

A

exposure of the film to scatter

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8
Q

what would absorb the most X-rays in a patient

A

their vertebra

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9
Q

to decrease the density of a previously taken film by 1/2, what would you do

A

decrease the mAs by 50%

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10
Q

the ___ is the main function of mAs

A

film density

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11
Q

what is most closely related to differential absorption

A

subject contrast

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12
Q

what radiographic projections routinely uses an air gap technique

A

lateral cervical

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13
Q

if you increased the mAs and reduced the kV from a given radiographic technique, what would be the outcome

A

it would have more contrast

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14
Q

what best describes the effect that scatter radiation has on a film

A

it causes a graying of the film

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15
Q

the use of art dark technique can usually be done without what

A

a grid

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16
Q

what increases Compton’s radiation

A

higher kVp

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17
Q

what would result in an increase in the amount of X-rays passing through a patient without an interaction with the patient’s atoms

A

higher kV

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18
Q

what is the closest to what is recommended for spinal filming with a stationary grid

A

10:1 with 100 lines per inch

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19
Q

what is true about grids

A

they increase patient radiation

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20
Q

if you compare 2 radiographs of a cervical spine with one having been taken at 40” and the other at 72” with the appropriate change in the rad. tech., what would you find

A

on the 72” film, the image will be smaller and clearer

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21
Q

what direction do grid lines run

A

in the long — of the patient

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22
Q

if you wanted a film with more blacks and whites with less gray, what would you do

A

use a low kV and high mAs

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23
Q

what is the recommended optimal kV range for an A-P thoracic film

A

75-85

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24
Q

in a Chiro office, what would you think is the most common cause of grid cut-off

A

the tube being out of alignment

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25
Q

the height of a grid’s lead strips compared to the width between them is called

A

grid ratio

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26
Q

what refers to an attenuation of part of the beam by the grid

A

grid cut-off

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27
Q

if you foolishly decide not to use a grid for an AP lumbar film and adjusted the rad. tech. to maintain a good density, what would be the outcome

A

the film would be very gray

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28
Q

if you wanted to alter your contrast so that a radiograph had more gray tones, what would you have to increase

A

kV

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29
Q

determine which rad. tech. would yield the longest scale of contrast

A

95 kV with 10 mAs

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30
Q

to double the density of a film by using mAs, what would you do

A

increase the mAs by 100%

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31
Q

if you had a film that was over-exposed but you could see the image, what would improve your film

A

decreasing the mAs 50%

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32
Q

how much increase in mAs is needed to maintain the same density when reducing the X-ray field from 14”x17” to 8”x10”

A

60%

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33
Q

if you wanted to decrease the density of a film, what would be the best way to do it

A

reduce the mA

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34
Q

what best describes the outcome of reducing the mAs by 1/2 and keeping the kV and the distance constant

A

the film density would be decreased

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35
Q

what would produce the same film density as 200 mA for .5 sec

A

100 mA for 1 sec

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36
Q

if you took a retake and reduced the kVp by 15% and increased the mAs by adding 30%, how would the second film look compared to the first

A

the second film would be lighter

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37
Q

adding 4 kVp to a rad. tech. with a single phase machine would be equivalent to what

A

increasing the mAs by 50%

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38
Q

to what does the 15% rule apply

A

kV

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39
Q

let’s say you took an AP thoracic film with 70kV and 50 mAs and it came out underexposed but you could see all of the structures that you wanted, what would be the best to do

A

increase the kV by 15%

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40
Q

if you are going to X-ray an elderly patient, you should so what to establish rad tech

A

decrease it

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41
Q

what is the main reason why a fixed V tech is preferred

A

contrast is consistent

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42
Q

what could be a problem if your X-ray tube was laterally shifted from the center of the film

A

shape distortion

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43
Q

what would produce a film with the most visible grain

A

high kVp/low mAs film

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44
Q

what is undesirable with magnification distortion

A

the borders of the object will be blurred

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45
Q

what does using a high kV tech have

A

produces more scatter

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46
Q

the rays that exit the patient and hit the film are termed

A

remnant rays

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47
Q

what is true about the air-gap tech when normally used in a cervical spine series

A

it usually doesn’t require the use of a grid

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48
Q

when going from a grid to a non-grid tech on the same body part with the same kVp and mAs, what would be the cause

A

the film would be darker

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49
Q

to double to the density of a film by using mAs, what would you do

A

increase it by 100%

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50
Q

what is true about a reciprocating grid

A

it is thicker than a stationary grid

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51
Q

when converting from a grid with a low ratio to a grid with a high ratio, what would be the best to do to maintain a good film quality

A

increase the mAs

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52
Q

what is recommended for spinal radiography in the usual Chiro office

A

a focused grid

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53
Q

what effect does using a high kV tech have

A

produces more scatter

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54
Q

the preferred focused grid range for spinal radiography is

A

40” to 72”

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55
Q

if a film has an overall darker gray appearance but visible structures, the probable cause is what

A

exposure of the film to scatter

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56
Q

the term “optimal kV” refers to what

A

the lowest possible mAs with acceptable contrast on the film

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57
Q

how many lines per inch are recommended for a stationary grid

A

100-103

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58
Q

diminished penetration at the periphery of a grid is termed

A

grid cut-off

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59
Q

if a film is said to be “burned out”, what would it look like

A

too dark

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60
Q

what is the main reason why a fixed kV tech is preferred

A

contrast is consistent

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61
Q

remnant radiation refers to what

A

scattered rays that leave the patient and reach the grid and primary rays that leave the patient and reach the grid

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62
Q

what would produce the least amount of grid lines

A

a focused grid

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63
Q

exceeding the optimal kV range while maintaining good density will yield a film that has

A

a long scale contrast

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64
Q

if you are going to X-ray an elderly patient, you should do what to establish rad tech

A

decrease it

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65
Q

what would increase patient exposure

A

using a 10:1 stationary grid

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66
Q

if you took a lateral cervical with 66 kV at 100 mA for 1/10th of a second at 72” FFD and was too light but you could see the structures, what would be the best solution for your retake

A

increase the kV by 15%

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67
Q

about how much increase in mAs is required when going from a non grid tech to using a tech with a 12:1 grid

A

5 times

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68
Q

if you took a 14x17” lateral lumbar film and saw that the L5-S1 area was too light, what would be the best thing to do

A

take a spot 8”x10” lateral, increase the mAs by 60% and increase the kV

69
Q

if you saw a blood vessel on end on a chest film, it would probably look like which of the 4 natural body densities

A

metal

70
Q

if you saw 2 structures each with paralleling tracks of calcification overlying the articular pillars diverging at the superior and closer at the inferior, what would you be looking at

A

part of the thyroid cartilage

71
Q

if you took an AP lumbar on a thin patient using 85 kV at 100 mA with the exposure time of 1/2 of a second and the film demonstrated all of the structures but was too light, what would you do to get a better film

A

increase the mAs by doubling it

72
Q

woman: elderly, overweight, retired dancer-> AP lumbar using 90 kV with 100 mAs for 1 second and 40” SID. film is very gray… how do you fix it

A

use 200 mA and decrease the kV 15%

73
Q

lateral cervicals at 65 kV and 10 mAs without a grid-> light but you can see the structures… how do you fix it

A

increase the kV by 15%

74
Q

what refers to an attenuation of part of the beam by the grid

A

grid cut off

75
Q

when using a stationary grid, what is recommended for spinal filming

A

a 10:1 grid ratio

76
Q

the use of a grid has what main effect on the patient

A

it reduces the X-ray exposure to the patient

77
Q

the preferred focused grid range for spinal rad is

A

40” to 72”

78
Q

if a film is too dark but you can still see structures, what is the probable cause of the problem

A

exposure of the film to scatter

79
Q

when converting from a grid with a low ratio to a grid with a high ratio-> best option to maintain good film quality

A

increase the mAs

80
Q

the higher the kVp, the more ___ radiation is produced

A

compton (scatter)

81
Q

what is the most common cause of a blurry image in practice

A

patient motion

82
Q

what is the main reason why a fixed kV tech is preferred

A

contrast is consistent

83
Q

what is the recommended optimal kV range for an AP thoracic film

A

75-85

84
Q

what exposure techs would have the lowest contrast

A

50 mAs with 110 kV

85
Q

what is preferred for spinal filming

A

a fixed kV tech

86
Q

what is an advantage of thigh kVp tech

A

lowered patient radiation dose

87
Q

if you increase the mAs and reduce the kV from a given rad tech, what would be the outcome

A

it would have more contrast

88
Q

what best describes what you should expect if you retake an AP lumbar film with 15% decrease in the kV and leave the mAs constant

A

the density of the film would be reduced by 1/2

89
Q

what would you do if you were going to use the 30% rule

A

alter the mAs by 30%

90
Q

if you were re-xraying an obese pt because you first film was too light but you could see the structures, what would be the best thing to do in order to get the best quality radiograph

A

increase the mAs

91
Q

if a film was taken at 80 kV at 100 mA for .5 sec and a second was taken at 80 kV at 5 mA for one second and a third film at 80 kV at 200 mA for 1/4th second, what would be the outcome

A

they would all be the same

92
Q

you take a film and it is too light. you want to retake it and double the density by using kVp. how would you do it

A

increase the kV by 15%

93
Q

which effect would adding 100% more mAs to a rad tech have

A

it would double the density of the film

94
Q

what would absorb most xrays in a pt

A

their vertebra

95
Q

exceeding the optimal kV rand while maintaining good density will yield a film that has

A

a long scale contrast

96
Q

what is most closely related to differential absorption

A

subject contrast

97
Q

thoracic films-> AP measurement is 29 cm-> what would be essential to use

A

a high frequency unit

98
Q

what is true about a reciprocating grid

A

it is thicker than a stationary grid

99
Q

the term optimal kV refers to what

A

the lowest possible mAs with acceptable contrast on the film

100
Q

what is recommended for spinal radiography in the usual chiro office

A

focused grid

101
Q

what effect does using a high kV technique have

A

produces more scatter

102
Q

the preferred focused grid range for spinal radiography is

A

40” to 72”

103
Q

if a film has an overall darkened gray appearance but visible structures, the probable cause of the problem would be

A

exposure of the film to scatter

104
Q

diminished penetration at a periphery of a grid is termed

A

grid cut-off

105
Q

to double the density of a film using mAs, what would you do

A

increase the mAs by 100%

106
Q

how many lines per inch are recommended for a stationary grid

A

100-103

107
Q

when converting from a grid with a low ratio to a grid with a high ratio, what would be the best to do to maintain good film quality

A

increase the mAs

108
Q

if a film is said to be burned out, what would it look like

A

too dark

109
Q

what is the main reason why a fixed kV tech is preferred

A

contrast is consistent

110
Q

what would produce the least amount of grid lines

A

a moving grid

111
Q

exceeding the optimal kV range while maintaining a good density will yield a film that has what

A

a long scale contrast

112
Q

remnant radiation refers to

A

scattered rays that leave the pt and reach the grid and primary rays that leave the pt and reach the grid

113
Q

if you are going to X-ray an elderly pt, you should do what to establish rad tech

A

decrease it

114
Q

what would increase pt exposure

A

using a 10:1 stationary grid

115
Q

if you took a lateral cervical with 66 kV at 100 mA for 1/10th of a second at 72” FFD and was too light but you could see the structures, what would be the best solution for your retake

A

increase the kV by 15%

116
Q

about how much increase in mAs is required when going from a non grid tech to using a tech with a 12:1 grid

A

5 times

117
Q

if you took an Ap lumbar on a thin pt using 85 kV at 10 mA with the exposure time of 1/2 of a second and the film demonstrated all of the structures but was too light, what would make it bettwe

A

increase the mAs by doubling it

118
Q

if you took a 14x17” lateral lumbar film and saw that the L5-S1 area was too light, what would be the best thing to do

A

take a spot 8x10” lateral, increase the mAs by 60% and increase the kV

119
Q

if you saw a blood vessel on end on a chest film, it would probably look like which of the 4 natural body densities

A

metal

120
Q

2 structures with paralleling tracks of calcification overlying the articular pillars diverging at the superior and closer at the inferior, what would you be looking at

A

part of the thyroid cartilage

121
Q

if you took 4 AP lumbar films, the first with 95 kV and 6.25 mAs, the second with – kV and 3.75 mAs, the third at 58 kV and 60 mAs and the fourth at 85 kV and 8 mAs, which would have the lowest contrast

A

the second

122
Q

if you decided not to use a grid for an AP lumbar film and adjusted the rad tech to maintain a good density, what would be the outcome

A

the film would be very gray

123
Q

to double the density of a film with kVp, you should apply what rule

A

15%

124
Q

if you compared 2 radiographs of a cervical spine with one having been taken at 40” and the other at 72” with the appropriate change in the rad tech, what would you find

A

on the 72” film the image will be smaller and clearer

125
Q

what could be a problem if your X-ray tube was laterally shifted from the center of the film

A

shape distortion

126
Q

what is the primary purpose of a grid

A

to reduce shatter radiation to the film

127
Q

what increases Compton’s radiation

A

higher kVp

128
Q

what is the term used when comparing the height of the absorbing strips to the width of the interspacing material of a grid

A

grid ratio

129
Q

what is the recommended optimal kV range for an AP lumbar film

A

80-90

130
Q

when shopping for a grid, which interspacing material would you want because it’s best for xraying the spine

A

aluminum

131
Q

what best describes back scatter

A

scatter that is directed toward the tube

132
Q

if you wanted to alter your contrast so that a radiograph had more gray tones, what would you increase

A

kV

133
Q

what effect does using a reciprocating grid have that a stationary grid doesn’t

A

it blurs out grid lines

134
Q

what would produce a film with the most visible grainy

A

a high kVp/low mAs film

135
Q

how much increase in mAs is needed to maintain the same density when reducing the X-ray field from 14x17” to 8x10”

A

60%

136
Q

what is not true about an X-ray beam

A

the more peripheral parts of the beam causes less distortion

137
Q

what is the recommended optimal kV range for an AP full spine

A

80-100

138
Q

a film exposed to secondary radiation will have what appearance

A

it grays the film, making it dark

139
Q

what would be most likely to decrease the amount of scattered radiation to a film

A

an increase in the mAs

140
Q

when xraying an elderly obese pt, what would be helpful in obtaining the best quality film

A

using a lower kV in the optimal range

141
Q

what would cause a decrease in subject density

A

diffuse atrophy

142
Q

why don’t you want a focused grid with a focal range of 40 to 72”, 8:1 ratio, aluminum interspacing material

A

the maximum recommended kV for an 8:1 grid is 90 and you might want to se more

143
Q

Mr. Schylack’s AP measurement in the lumbar region is 40 cm-> age and large abdomen-> what is the predictable problem that you are going to have with the film

A

there will be too long of a scale of contrast

144
Q

if you increased the mAs and reduced the kV from a given rad tech, what would be the outcome

A

it would have more contrast

145
Q

to decrease the density of a previously taken film by 1/2, what would you do

A

decrease the mAs by 50%

146
Q

if a film is too dark, it is said to be

A

overexposed

147
Q

determine which rad tech would have the shortest scale of contrast

A

60 kV with 100 mA for 2 sec

148
Q

about how many kV would be needed to make the slightest visible change in density on a radiograph if you were using a single phase unit

A

4

149
Q

what effect would adding 100% more mAs to a rad tech have

A

it would double the density of the film

150
Q

what best describes what you should expect if you retake an AP lumbar with 15% decrease in the kV and leave the mAs constant

A

the density of the film would be reduced by 1/2

151
Q

if you have a radiograph of the lumbar spine that is noticeably too light but you can see the bones on it and if you decide to solve your problem with the 15% rule, what would you do

A

increase the kV by 15%

152
Q

what is the recommended optimal kV range for an AP thoracic film

A

75-85

153
Q

what refers to an attenuation of part of the beam by the grid

A

grid cut-off

154
Q

if you looked into the port of a used X-ray tube and saw that the entire surface of the anode had bumps, what term would match this appearance

A

anode pitting

155
Q

what does a filament do

A

forms electrons

156
Q

in which direction do grid lines run

A

in the long axis of the pt

157
Q

what rad tech would cause the most absorption of xrays in a pt’s body

A

10 mAs with 140 kV

158
Q

what is the most common cause of a blurry image in practice

A

patient motion

159
Q

contrast between structures of different subject densities is due to what

A

differential absorption

160
Q

what exposure tech would have the lowest contrast

A

50 mAs with 110 kV

161
Q

what best describes the effect that scatter radiation has on a film

A

it causes a graying of the film

162
Q

the __ is the main function of mAs

A

film density

163
Q

osteoporosis will usually require you to do what

A

reduce the tube output

164
Q

if you took a 14x17 lateral lumbar and saw that the L5-S1 area was too light, what would be the best thing to do

A

take a spot 8x10 lateral, increase the mAs by 60% and increase the kV

165
Q

what would be most likely to decrease the amount of secondary radiation to a film

A

an increase in the mAs

166
Q

what rad projections routinely uses an air gap tech

A

lateral cervical

167
Q

if you wanted to alter your contrast so that a radiograph had more gray tones, what would you increase

A

kV

168
Q

to double the density of a film by using mAs, what would you do

A

increase the mAs by 100%

Rad Phys (2 decks)

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