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Applied Anatomy > Exam 2/Practical > Flashcards

Exam 2/Practical Flashcards

1
Q

What is the end feel and normative ROM for elbow flexion?

A

Soft end feel
150°

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2
Q

What is the end feel and normative ROM for elbow extension?

A

Hard end feel
0°

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3
Q

What is the end feel and normative ROM for elbow pronation?

A

Firm end feel
80°

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4
Q

What is the end feel and normative ROM for elbow supination?

A

Firm end feel
80°

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5
Q

What is the end feel and normative ROM for wrist flexion?

A

Firm end feel
80°

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6
Q

What is the end feel and normative ROM for wrist extension?

A

Firm end feel
70°

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7
Q

What is the end feel and normative ROM for Ulnar Deviation?

A

Firm end feel
30°

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8
Q

What is the end feel and normative ROM for Radial Deviation?

A

Hard end feel
20°

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9
Q

What is the end feel and normative ROM for Finger MCP flexion?

A

Firm end feel
90°

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10
Q

What is the end feel and normative ROM for Finger MCP extension?

A

Firm end feel
45°

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11
Q

What is the end feel and normative ROM for Finger MCP abduction?

A

Firm end feel
No normative value
(roughly 20-25°)

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12
Q

What is the end feel and normative ROM for Finger PIP flexion?

A

Can be Hard, Firm, Soft end feel
100°

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13
Q

What is the end feel and normative ROM for Finger PIP extension?

A

Firm end feel
0°

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14
Q

What is the end feel and normative ROM for Finger DIP flexion?

A

Firm end feel
90°

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15
Q

What is the end feel and normative ROM for Finger DIP extension?

A

Firm end feel
0°

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16
Q

What is the end feel and normative ROM for Thumb CMC flexion?

A

Soft end feel
15°

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17
Q

What is the end feel and normative ROM for Thumb CMC extension?

A

Firm end feel
20°

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18
Q

What is the end feel and normative ROM for Thumb CMC abduction?

A

Firm end feel
45-70°

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19
Q

What is the end feel and normative ROM for Thumb MCP flexion?

A

Can be Hard, Firm, Soft end feel
50°

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20
Q

What is the end feel and normative ROM for Thumb MCP extension?

A

Can be Hard, Firm, Soft end feel
0°

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21
Q

What is the end feel and normative ROM for Thumb IP flexion?

A

Can be Hard, Firm, Soft end feel
80°

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22
Q

What is the end feel and normative ROM for IP extension?

A

Can be Hard, Firm, Soft end feel
20°

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23
Q

When the opposing muscles is stretched to a point where it can no longer lengthen and allow further movement, what type of insufficiency is this?

A

Passive Insufficiency

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24
Q

When the muscle produces simultaneous movement at all the joints it crosses and reaches such a shortened position that it can no longer have the ability to develop effective tension, is what type of insufficiency?

A

Active Sufficiency

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25
Q

How do you grade a patient that can hold the test position against maximal resistance?

A

5

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26
Q

How do you grade a patient that can hold a test position against moderate to strong resistance?

A

4+

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27
Q

How do you grade a patient that can hold a test position against moderate resistance?

A

4

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28
Q

How do you grade a patient that can hold a test position against slight moderate to moderate resistance?

A

4-

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29
Q

How do you grade a patient that can hold against minimal resistance?

A

3+

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30
Q

How do you grade a patient that can hold a test position against gravity with no additional resistance applied?

A

3

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31
Q

How do you grade a patient that has gradual release from a test position and is unable to hold against gravity?

A

3-

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32
Q

How do you grade a patient that can move through full ROM in gravity minimized position and hold against resistance?

A

2+

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33
Q

How do you grade a patient that can move through full ROM in gravity minimized position?

A

2

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34
Q

How do you grade a patient that can move through partial ROM in gravity minimized position?

A

2-

35
Q

How do you grade a patient when there is no motion, but the therapist feels or sees contractile activity of muscle?

A

1

36
Q

How do you grade a patient that has no discernable palpable contractile activity?

A

0

37
Q

What is the cervical plexus formed by?

A

It is formed by the anterior rami of C1-C4 with contributions of C5

38
Q

What is the Brachial plexus formed by?

A

It is formed by the anterior rami of C5-T1

39
Q

What is the definition of a Myotome?

A

-A muscle or group of muscles served by a single nerve root.

40
Q

How are myotomes graded?

A

On a 0-5 scale (SAME AS MMT)

41
Q

What is the movement of C1-C2 myotome?

A

Neck Flexion

42
Q

What is the movement of C3 myotome?

A

Neck side flexion

43
Q

What is the movement of C4 myotome?

A

Shoulder elevation or scapular elevation (Shrugging)

44
Q

What is the movement of C5 myotome?

A

Shoulder ABD or ER

45
Q

What is the movement of C6 myotome?

A

Elbow flexion or wrist extension

46
Q

What is the movement of C7 myotome?

A

Elbow extension or wrist flexion

47
Q

What is the movement of C8 myotome?

A

Thumb extension or Ulnar deviation

48
Q

What is the movement of T1 myotome?

A

Hand intrinsics

49
Q

What is the definition of Dermatome?

A

The area of skin supplied by a single nerve root

50
Q

How are dermatomes graded?

A

0-Absent
1-Diminished
2-Normal
NT-Not Tested

51
Q

Where is the sensation of C1 dermatome?

A

Anterior/Superior cranium

52
Q

Where is the sensation of C2 dermatome?

A

Posterior cranium

53
Q

Where is the sensation of C3 dermatome?

A

Lateral upper-mid cervical spine

54
Q

Where is the sensation of C4 dermatome?

A

Superior and lateral shoulder

55
Q

Where is the sensation of C5 dermatome?

A

Lateral arm

56
Q

Where is the sensation of C6 dermatome?

A

Lateral thumb

57
Q

Where is the sensation of C7 dermatome?

A

Dorsal midline of hand

58
Q

Where is the sensation of C8 dermatome?

A

Ulnar forearm/hand

59
Q

Where is the sensation of T1 dermatome?

A

Medial elbow

60
Q

What is the definition of Sclerotome?

A

Area of bone or fascia supplied by a single nerve root

61
Q

What is the definition of Deep Tendon Reflex (DTR)?

A

A brisk contraction of a muscle in response to a sudden stretch induced by a sharp tap on the tendon at the insertion of the muscle

62
Q

When testing for DTR, patients can be classified as what?

A

Hyporeflexia: An absent or diminished response to DTP

Hypereflexia: The hyperactivity or repeating (Clonic) response to DTP

63
Q

How are DTRs graded?

A

Graded 0-4:
-Grade 0: No response; always abnormal
-Grade 1: A slight but definitely present response; may or may not be normal
-Grade 2: A brisk response; normal
-Grade 3: A very brisk response; may or may not be normal
-Grade 4: Hypertonic. A tap elicits a repeating reflex (Clonus); always abnormal

64
Q

What do you do below a grade 3 for Forearm Supination?

A

Patient is short sitting, therapist supports forearm at distal elbow, fingers palpate the supinator.
- Grade 2: Completes partial ROM
- Grade 1: Slight contraction, no movement
- Grade 0: No discernable palpable contractile activity

65
Q

What do you do below a grade 3 for Forearm Pronation?

A

Patient is short sitting, therapist supports forearm at distal elbow, fingers palpate pronator teres.
- Grade 2: Completes partial ROM
- Grade 1: Slight contraction, no movement
- Grade 0: No discernable palpable contractile activity

66
Q

What do you do below a grade 3 for Wrist Flexion?

A

Patient with elbow supported on table, in mid-position with hand resting on ulnar side. Therapist supports forearm proximal to wrist.
- Grade 2: Completes available range in gravity minimized position

Patient with supinated forearm supported on table. Therapist supports the wrist in flexion and palpates FCR and FCU tendons
- Grade 1: One or both tendons may have visible or palpable contraction, but the part doesn’t move.
- Grade 0: No discernable palpable contractile activity

67
Q

What do you do below a grade 3 for Wrist Extension?

A

Patients forearm supported on table in neutral position, therapist supports wrist.
- Grade 2: Completes full range in gravity minimized position

Patients hand and forearm supported on table with forearm fully pronated. Therapist supports wrist in extension and palpates ECRL, ECRB, ECU separately.
- Grade 1: For any of the three muscles, there is visible or palpable contraction, no wrist motion occurs
Grade 0: No discernable palpable contractile activity

68
Q

What do you do below a grade 3 for Finger PIP and DIP Flexion?

A

(PIP)
Test is the same, just palpate FDS.
Grade 2 - Complete ROM
Grade 1 - There is palpable and visible contraction
Grade 0 - No discernable palpable contractile activity

(DIP)
Test is the same, Palpate FDP.
Grading is the same as PIP

69
Q

What do you do below grade 3 for Finger MCP Extension?

A

Test is the same except forearm is in mid-position.
Grade 2 - Complete range
Grade 1 - Visible tendon activity but no joint motion
Grade 0 - No discernable palpable contractile activity

70
Q

What do you do below a grade 3 for Finger MCP Flexion?

A

Patients are is in mid-position.
Therapist stabilizes metacarpals
Grade 2 - Completes full ROM in gravity minimized position
Grade 1 - Minimal motion
Grade 0 - Absence of any discernable palpable contractile activity

71
Q

What do you do below a grade 3 for Finger Abduction?

A

Test is the same.
Grade 2 - Patient can complete partial range of abduction
Grade 1 - Dorsal interosseous is palpable
Grade 0 - No discernable palpable contractile activity

72
Q

What do you do below a grade 3 for Finger Adduction?

A

Test is the same
Grade 2 - Patient can complete partial range of adduction

-Palpation is rarely feasible, therapist’s finger against finger tested, therapist may detect slight outward motion for muscle less than Grade 2

73
Q

What do you do below a grade 3 for Thumb MCP and IP Flexion?

A

(MCP)
Test is the same.
Grade 2 - Complete partial ROM
Grade 1 - Palpate FPL, and FPB
Grade 0 - No Discernable palpable activity

(IP)
Test is the same
Grade 2 - Holds test position
Grade 1 - Palpate tendon of FPL, (palpable activity)
Grade 0 - No discernable palpable activity

74
Q

What do you do below a grade 3 for Thumb MCP and IP Extension?

A

-Patients forearm in pronation with wrist in neutral (Palm of table),
Therapist stabilizes the wrist over its dorsal surface,
“Straighten the end of the thumb”
Grade 2 - Thumb complets ROM
Grade 1 - Palpate tendon of EPL
Grade 0 - No discernable palpable contractile activity

75
Q

What do you do below a grade 3 for Thumb Abduction?

A

Test is the same: (Abductor Pollicis Longus)
Grade 2 - Completes partial ROM
Grade 1 - Palpate tendon of the APL
Grade 0 - No discernable palpable contractile activity

(Abductor Pollicis Brevis)
Patients forearm in mid-position, wrist in neutral, therapist stabilized wrist in neutral
Grade 2 - Completes partial ROM
Grade 1 - Palpate the belly of the ABP in the center of Thenar eminence
Grade 0 - No discernable palpable contractile activity

76
Q

What do you do below a grade 3 for Thumb Adduction?

A

Patients arm is in mid-position and wrist in neutral resting on table, Therapist stabilizes wrist on the table, stabilizes metacarpals
Grade 2 - Completes full ROM
Grade 1 - Palpate adductor pollicis
Grade 0 - No discernable palpable contractile activity

77
Q

What do you do below a grade 3 for Opposition?

A

Test is the same
Grade 2 - Moves through range of opposition
Grade 1 - Palpate the Opponens pollicis, and palpate opponens digiti minimi
Grade 0 - No discernable palpable contractile activity

78
Q

What is the goni placement for Wrist Flexion (DORSAL alignment)?

A

Stationary arm: Dorsal midline of forearm towards lateral epicondyle

Moving arm: Dorsal midline of 3rd metacarpal

Axis: Lunate

79
Q

What is the goni placement for Wrist Flexion (ULNAR alignment)?

A

Stationary arm: Lateral midline of ulna toward olecranon process

Moving arm: Lateral midline of 5th metacarpal

Axis: Triquetrum

80
Q

What is the goni placement for Wrist Extension (VOLAR alignment)?

A

Stationary arm: Volar midline of forearm towards bicipital tendon at elbow

Moving arm: Volar midline of 3rd metacarpal

Axis: Lunate

81
Q

What is the goni placement for Wrist Extension (ULAR alignment)?

A

Stationary arm: Lateral midline of ulna toward olecranon process

Moving arm: Lateral midline of 5th metacarpal

Axis: Triquetrum

82
Q

What is the goni placement for Ulnar Deviation?

A

Stationary arm: Dorsal midline of the forearm toward lateral epicondyle.

Moving arm: Dorsal midline of 3rd metacarpal

Axis: Capitate

83
Q

What is the goni placement for Radial Deviation?

A

Stationary arm: Dorsal midline of the forearm toward lateral epicondyle

Moving arm: Dorsal midline of 3rd metacarpal

Axis: Capitate

84
Q
A

Applied Anatomy (2 decks)

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