Exam 2 Power instruments & Polishing Flashcards
What are the two types of ultrasonics?
Piezo
Magneto
What do sonic powered devices operate at a frequency of?
3,000 to 8,000
How does the tip move on a sonic powered device?
Circular orbital motion
What do Ultrasonic powered devices operate at a frequency of?
18,000 to 45,000
use electrical energy to activate crystals within the handpiece to vibrate the instrument tip
Piezo device
transfer electrical energy to metal stacks made of nickel–iron alloy or to a ferrous rod to vibrate the insert
Magneto device
What kilohertz do our units have?
30k
What are the limitations of powered instruments?
-Less tactile sensitivity
-Can’t be used on all patients
Very rapid vibrations of powered working-end create microfractures in calculus deposit
Mechanical removal
Constant stream of water exits near point of the working-end and is called fluid lavage
Water irrigation
-Water dissipates heat caused by rapid vibrations
-Water flushes toxic products and bacteria from pocket
Water irrigation
Formation of tiny bubbles when the water stream contacts the vibrating working end
Cavitation
When the cavitation bubbles collapse, they produce shock waves that may alter or destroy what?
bacteria by tearing the cell wall
What is another energy released round ultrasonic devices?
Acoustic microstreaming
-Phenomenon is characterized by the movement of small currents in the water
-Transports the cavitation bubbles in the mouth
Acoustic microstreaming
measure of how many times a powered working-end vibrates per second
frequency
measure of how far the
powered working-end moves back and forth
Amplitude
delivers a shorter, less
powerful stroke
Low amplitude
delivers a stronger,
more powerful stroke
High amplitude
What power setting should powered instruments rarely be placed above?
Medium power setting
determined by combination of frequency and amplitude
Cleaning efficiency
What is ideal for the removal of plaque biofilm with powered instruments?
Lower frequency
Lower amplitude
What is ideal for removal of tenacious calculus deposits?
Higher frequency
Higher amplitude
What working-end primarily moves in an elliptical motion?
Magneto working-end
Activated by dimensional changes in crystals housed within the handpiece as electricity passes over the surface of the crystals
Piezo working-end
Only working-end needs to be cooled by water to prevent over-heating
Piezo devices
Handpiece and working-end should be irrigated with water to prevent over-heating
Magneto devices
What require no water for cooling?
Sonic tips
a bottle used to deliver distilled/treated water or other fluid solutions to the working-end
Independent fluid reservoir
What are the two types of tip designs?
Standard
Slim perio
larger in size with shorter shank lengths
Standard tip
up to 40% smaller in size with
longer, more complex shanks
Slim perio tips
What is tip selection based on?
-Extent & mode of calculus attachment
-Location of deposits
What tip removes moderate to heavy deposits above gingival margin and shallow pockets
Standard tip
What tip removes light to moderate calculus deposits on anterior teeth and posterior root surfaces
Slim perio tip
What tip removes biofilm and light calculus deposits
Round tip
What tip removes medium- to large-sized deposits?
Flat lateral surface tips
Tips coated with what are appropriate for instrumentation of dental implants
nonmetallic plastic or carbon material
1 mm of wear results in approximately what percent of less efficiency
25%
When should a tip be replaced?
2mm of wear
What activation is used for the use of powered instruments?
Digital
Where do you start to work on a deposit with powered instruments?
Coronal of deposit
What type of pressure is needed for powered instrumentation?
Gentle
Use a series of gentle sweeping motions over the root surface to remove what?
Plaque biofilm
The portion of the instrument tip capable of doing the work
Active tip area
What should never be adapted directly on a tooth surface with a powered instrument?
Tip
What should be adapted with a piezo tip?
Lateral surfaces
What should be adapted for a magneto tip?
Lateral surfaces
Face
Back
List the energy dispersion of an instrument from most to least powerful
Point
Face
Back
Lateral surfaces
What should not be adapted on demineralized surfaces?
Face of tip
tip is positioned with the active surface in a transverse orientation to the long axis of the tooth
Transverse tip orientation
the tip is positioned
with the active surface against the tooth surface
Vertical tip orientation
Patients with what should not be exposed to magnetostrictive ultrasonic devices?
Cardiac pacemakers
What device CAN be used on patients with cardiac pacemakers?
Piezo ultrasonic
What are more susceptible to damage from the vibrations and heat produced by ultrasonic instrumentation?
Primary/newly erupted teeth
What are the helpful tricks for ultrasonic use?
Patient assistance
Cotton rolls
Dry angles
Short HVE
Chairside assistance
Pain management
Why do we fill the ultrasonic handpiece with water?
Expels air bubbles
What is used to hold a prophy cup or other attachment used for polishing the teeth?
Prophy angle
What type of shank does a right-angle have?
Straight shank
What type of shank does a contra-angle have?
Bent shank
Substances in prophylaxis pastes that remove extrinsic stains
Abrasive agents
How should the rubber cup be adapted for polishing?
Parallel to tooth surface
What type of procedure is coronal polishing?
Cosmetic
What type of procedure is stain removal?
Esthetic procedure
A dental procedure used to maintain health or treat a disease to restore health
Therapeutic procedure
Invisible airborne particles composed of debris, microorganisms, and blood propelled into the air from the oral cavity using powered instruments
Dental aerosols
Airborne particles that land on people or objects
Splatter
What are the most common extrinsic stains?
Chlorhexidine
Tobacco
What is used to hold a rubber cup or
other attachment?
Angle
What is air driven and attaches
to the dental unit slow-speed line?
The handpiece
What are three components of the polishing system?
Dental handpiece
Prophy angle
Cup attachment
What are the clinical applications to polishing?
Patient education to control stain
Scaling stain
Polish appropriate agent
Coronal polishing should
not be done on patients with what?
inflamed, enlarged, and bleeding gum tissue
term used to describe a problem brought on by something that a clinician does
Iatrogenic
List examples of individuals who are susceptible to bacteremia.
-damaged or abnormal heart
valves
* prosthetic heart valve
* prosthetic joint replacement
* rheumatic heart disease
* congenital heart disease
* cardiac bypass surgery within the last 6 months
* dialysis patients
The adverse effects of coronal
polishing include?
- Aerosol production and splatter
- Creation of bacteremia
- Iatrogenic damage to tooth surfaces
