Exam 2 pics

Question 1

Answer 1

seen by eye
-adult roundworm helminth

seen with light microscope
-eukaryotic cell / yeast
-prokaryotic cells

seen with electron microscope
-virus

Question 2

Answer 2

baker’s and brewer’s yeast

Question 3

Answer 3

yeast

Question 4

Answer 4

pseudohyphae

Question 5

Answer 5

hyphae

Question 6

Answer 6

hyphae fungi

Question 7

Answer 7

yeast like fungi
-pseudohyphae of candida albicans

Question 8

Answer 8

dimorphic fungi: histoplasma capsulatum

Question 9

Answer 9

dimorphic fungi: histoplasma capsulatum

Question 10

Answer 10

filamentous fungi with spores

Question 11

Answer 11

filamentous fungi

1. spores
2. germination
3. hyphae
4. subsurface hyphae
5. aerial hyphae

Question 12

Answer 12

filamentous fungi: spores drop down and replication

Question 13

Answer 13

fungal cell wall

1. mannoproteins
2. B-1,6-glucan & B-1,3-glucan
3. chitin
4. B-1,3-glucan synthase
5. UDP-Glc
6. chitin synthase
7. UDP-GlcNAc

Question 14

what is the thingy poking out ?

Answer 14

sclerotium
-pores that penetrated the developing ears of rye plant

Question 15

Answer 15

aspergillus fungi strain

Question 16

Answer 16

penicillium
-growing fillaments
-producing conedia (pinching off of filaments)

Question 17

how coccidioides (dimorphic fungi) is acquired?

Answer 17

inhale spores, get deposited in lungs, lead to symptoms

Question 18

Answer 18

ringworm

Question 19

how does athletes foot symptoms occur?

Answer 19

Question 20

Answer 20

xray of growth of aspergillosis development

Question 21

** mentioned this as a hotspot ** know where it acts on

Answer 21

1. Amphotericin (causes leaky membrane)
2. Griseofulvin (inhibit cell division using micro tubules)
3. Flucytosine (inhibit RNA-translation)
4. Terbinafine, Naftifine, Amorolfine (inhibit ergosterol synthesis pathway through enzymes)
5. Azoles (inhibit ergosterol synthesis pathway)
6. Echinocandins (target glucan synthase enzyme = no glucan)

Question 22

what can do this inhibiting?

Answer 22

echinocandins

Question 23

what can do this inhibiting?

Answer 23

Azoles
-produce toxic substrate
-ergosteral synthesis wont occur

Question 24

what can do this inhibiting?

Answer 24

Fluoridated Pyrimidines

Question 25

Answer 25

virus 1. lipoprotein envelope 2. coat (caapsid)

Question 26

Answer 26

polio virus

Question 27

Answer 27

adenovirus

Question 28

Answer 28

tobacco mosaic virus

Question 29

Answer 29

bacteriophage

Question 30

Answer 30

ebola virus

Question 31

Answer 31

smallpox virus

Question 32

Answer 32

tobacco mosaic virus

Question 33

Answer 33

adenovirus

Question 34

Answer 34

influenza virus

Question 35

Answer 35

bacteriophage

Question 36

Answer 36

tobacco mosaic virus

Question 37

Answer 37

adenovirus

Question 38

Answer 38

influenza virus

Question 39

Answer 39

bacteriophage

Question 40

Answer 40

HIV

Question 41

Answer 41

Hepatitis B

Question 42

Answer 42

Ebola virus

Question 43

Answer 43

Adenovirus

Question 44

Answer 44

Influenza

Question 45

Answer 45

Bacteriophage

Question 46

what are the structures of virus

Answer 46

1. individual capsomere 2. fibres for host cell attachment 3. trianglular face

Question 47

Answer 47

Adenovirus (common cold)

Question 48

Answer 48

influenza 1. neuraminidase 2. hemagglutinin

Question 49

Answer 49

influenza 1. neuraminidase 2. hemagglutinin 3. M1 - structure holding segmented RNA (part of capsid) 4. M2 - protein channel

Question 50

Answer 50

coronavirus structure

Question 51

Answer 51

ACE-2 receptor used to get into cell new one released

Question 52

Answer 52

learn? lol

Question 53

Answer 53

HIV 1. reverse transcriptase

Question 54

Answer 54

learn the steps

Question 55

Answer 55

cytomegalovirus is highest cases but least known about

Question 56

Answer 56

1. bacteria 2. virus 3. parasite

Question 57

Answer 57

1. Fas receptor 2. Fas ligand 3. Viral peptide 4. CD8+ killer T Cell 5. Virus-infects host cell 6. MHC-1 product 7. Ag-specific receptor 8. Lytic enzymes

Question 58

steps virus uses to get into cell

Answer 58

Question 59

What inhibits what part

Answer 59

1. fusion inhibitor 2. RTI, NRTI, NNRTI 3. Integrase inhibitors 4. PIs 5. Anionic polymers 6. Enfuvirtide, CD4 inhibitors, Chemokine receptor inhibitors 7. NRTIs, NNRTIs 8. Integrase inhibitors 9. PIs

Question 60

where do the protease inhibitors inhibit?

Answer 60

Question 61

where do the fusion inhibitors inhibit

Answer 61

fusing membranes

Question 62

What direction are nucleotides added?

Answer 62

5 to 3 tide=P Side=no P

Question 63

Answer 63

integrase

Question 64

what would this look like with a neuraminidase inhibitor?

Answer 64

prevent host cell from leaving to replicate more

Question 65

Answer 65

(protozoa) no distinct structure malaria sporozoite

Question 66

Answer 66

(protozoa) flagella Giardia cell

Question 67

Answer 67

(protozoa) no clear flagella amoeba

Question 68

What protozoa is this? What are the arrows pointing to?

Answer 68

Trypanosomiasis -african sleeping sickness parasite multiplying in blood

Question 69

Life cycle of malaria parasite

Answer 69

infected mosquito bites human sucks blood / releases parasites (some already done sexual reproduction) SPOROZOITES sporozoites reach liver HYPNOZOITES undergo multiple cyclic stages here MEROZOITES Liver releases merozoites Merozoites go to red blood cells -asexual reproduction TROPHOZOITES Trophozoites released -male and female gametes

Question 70

How people with sickle cell anemia have tolerance to malaria symptoms

Answer 70

growth needs hemoglobin and CO has a lot of hemoglobin so it isnt free -no nutrient source heme can block the antigen presenting cell -no cytotoxic t cells

Question 71

site of actions for what

Answer 71

a. drugs to treat acute attack (symptoms) b. drugs for radical cure -P.vivax and P. ovale only c. drugs for chemoprophylaxis d. drugs to prevent transmission