exam 2 pharm Flashcards
1
Q
Loratadine
A
antihistamine
2
Q
Cetirizine
A
antihistamine
3
Q
fexofenadine
A
antihistamine
4
Q
antihistamine indication
A
allergy and cold, insomnia, motion sickness
5
Q
antihistamine adverse effects
A
drowsiness, sedation, anticholenergic effecs
6
Q
antihistamine contraindications
A
children younger than 2
7
Q
antihistamine caution
A
older adults and children
8
Q
antihistamine interactions
A
CNS depressants, alcolol
9
Q
antihistamine patient teaching
A
avoid activities requiring more concentration until aware of effects, avoid alcohol, children are more sensitive and may have paradoxical reactions, may be in combination preparations- read labels.
10
Q
oxymetazoline
A
Afrin. nasal decongestant
11
Q
phenylephrine
A
nasal decongestant
12
Q
pseudoephedrine
A
sudafed, others, systemic decongestion
13
Q
phenylephrine (oral)
A
systemic decongestant
14
Q
decongestant action
A
causes vasoconstriction and reduce the size of the nasal mucous membranes
15
Q
decongestant indication
A
nasal congestion
16
Q
decongestant adverse effects
A
sympathetic effects, CNS stimulation, rebound nasal congestion
17
Q
diphenhydramine
A
antihistamine
18
Q
decongestant contraindications
A
CAD, uncontrolled or severe hypertension
19
Q
decongestant cautions
A
conditions that may be exacerbated by sympathetic activity
20
Q
decongestant interactions
A
beta blockers, MAOI’s, caffeine
21
Q
decongestant patient teaching
A
proper use of nasal spray or drops, do not use more than 3-5 days, do not use oral and topical together, avoid caffeine while taking oral, may be in combination preparations- read labels
22
Q
fluticasone
A
flonase, veramyst, nasal steroid
23
Q
mometasone
A
nasonex, nasal steroid
24
Q
triamcinolone
A
nasacort, nasal steroid
25
budesonide
rhinocort aqua, nasal steroid
26
nasal steroid action
blocks inflammation of the nasal mucosa
27
nasal steroid indications
seasonal allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps
28
nasal steroids patient teaching
administer daily during allergy season, notify provider if nose bleeds occur, may take 7 days or more to achieve relief of symptoms
29
dextromethorphan
non-opioid antitussive
30
benzonatate
tessalon, non-opioid antitussive
31
codeine
opioid antitussive
32
hydrocodone
hycodan, opioid antitussive
33
antitussive action
act directly on the CNS to depress the cough reflex
34
antitussive indication
nonproductive cough
35
antitussive adverse effects
dizziness, drowsiness, GI distress, potential for abuse
36
antitussive contraindications
patients who need to cough to maintain airway, head injury, or impaired CNS
37
antitussive cautions
children and older adults, history of substance abuse
38
antitussive interactions
CNS depressants, MAOI's
39
antitussive patient teaching
use for short term only, use other measures to help relieve cough, avoid alcohol, may be in combination preparations- read labels.
40
guafenesin
mucinex, expectorant
41
expectorant action
reduce the adhesiveness and surface tension of respiratory fluids, allowing easier removal
42
expectorant indication
cough
43
expectorant adverse effects
GI upset, rash
44
expectorant caution
children less than 6
45
expectorant interactions
none
46
expectorant patient teaching
increase fluid (Water) intake, may be in combination preparations- read labels
47
acetylcysteine
mucolytics
48
mucolytics action
liquefy and loosen respiratory secretions
49
mucolytics indications
large amount of secretions, treatment of acetaminophen overdose
50
mucolytics patient teaching
smells like rotten eggs
51
obstructive airway diseases
COPD and asthma
52
lower respiratory disorder classes
anticholinergics, xanthines, inhaled steroids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, sympathomimetics
53
albuterol
beta2-adrenergic agonist (sympathomimetics)
54
levalbuterol
xopenex, beta2-adrenergic agonist (sympathomimetics)
55
salmeterol
serevent, beta2-adrenergic agonist (sympathomimetics)
56
formoterol
foradil, beta2-adrenergic agonist (sympathomimetics)
57
epinephrine
beta2-adrenergic agonist (sympathomimetics)
58
beta2-adrenergic agonist (sympathomimetics) action
stimulates beta2 adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle causing bronchodilation
59
beta2-adrenergic agonist (sympathomimetics) indications
bronchospasm- acute, chronic, or preventative
60
beta2-adrenergic agonist (sympathomimetics) adverse effects
nervousness, tremors, tachycardia
61
beta2-adrenergic agonist (sympathomimetics) contraindications
depends on the severity of the underlying condition
62
beta2-adrenergic agonist (sympathomimetics) cautions
arrhythmias, CAD, HTN, diabetes mellitus
63
beta2-adrenergic agonist (sympathomimetics) interactions
beta-blockers, MAOI's
64
beta2-adrenergic agonist (sympathomimetics) patient teaching
correct use of inhaler or nebulizer, possible adverse effects, do not use more than instructed
65
ipratroprium
atrovent, anticholinergics
66
tiotroprium
spiriva, antocholinergics
67
anticholinergics action
relax smooth muscle in bronchi, causing bronchodilation
68
anticholinergics indications
COPD and asthma
69
anticolinergics adverse effects
anticholinergic effects
70
anticholinergics cautions
BPH
71
anticholinergic interactions
other anticholinergics
72
anticholinergic patient teaching
dot for use in acute bronchospasm, rinse mouth after inhalation, take beta-agonist before anticholinergic, take anticholinergic before glucocorticoid, wait 5 minutes between medications
73
theophylline
xanthines
74
aminophylline
xanthines
75
xanthines actions
cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in bronchodilation
76
xanthines adverse effects
need to check levels in blood. toxicity- GI upset, irritability, restlessness, arrhythmias, seizure
77
xanthines caution
heart disease, hypertension, thyroid disorder, diabetes, renal or hepatic disease
78
xanthines interactions
many drugs, nicotine, caffeine
79
xanthines patient teaching
take as directed, do not make up missed dose. get lab work as directed. avoid caffeine. smoking affects levels of medication.
80
montelukast
singulair, leukotriene receptor antagonists
81
zafarlukast
accolate, leukotriene receptor antagonists
82
leukotriene receptor antagonists action
blocks the effects of leukotrienes, suppressing inflammation, bronchoconstriction and edema. works on the allergy factor associated with asthma.
83
leukotriene receptor antagonists indications
asthma, including exercise-induced
84
leukotriene receptor antagonists adverse effects
URI or flu-like symptoms, liver injury
85
leukotriene receptor antagonists caution
hepatic impairment
86
leukotriene receptor antagonists interactions
theophylline, warfarin
87
leukotriene receptor antagonists patient teaching
take at night. not for acute asthma attacks. do not stop taking other asthma medications.
88
budesonide
pulmicort, inhaled steroid
89
fluticasone
flovent, inhaled steroid
90
inhaled steroid actions
decrease the inflammatory response in the airway
91
inhaled steroid indications
asthma
92
inhaled steroid adverse effects
oral candidiasis, hoarseness, cough, immune suppression
93
inhaled steroid caution
children, elderly, adolescents, infections
94
inhaled steroid interactions
other steroids, medications to lower blood sugar
95
inhaled steroids patient teaching
not for use in acute asthma attack. take other inhaled medications before steroid. do not mix with other nebulized medications. rinse mouth after taking.
96
advair (diskus or HFA)
fluticasone and salmeterol
97
symbicort
budesonide and formoterol
98
combivent, duoneb
iprapropruim and albuterol
99
vitamins and minerals
required for carrying out essential functions. some must be obtained from food.
100
vitamin and mineral deficiency can lead to
anemia, scurvy, pellagra, beriberi
101
cyancobalamin (nascobal)
vitamin B12
102
vitamin B12 action
prevent or correct vit. B12 deficiency
103
vitamin B12 indication
pernicious anemia, B12 deficiency or malabsorption
104
vitamin B12 adverse effects
Very rare- hypokalemia, diarrhea, flushing, vascular thrombosis
105
vitamin B12 patient teaching
proper dosing and administering (usually deep IM), may need lifelong treatment, consume foods high in vit. B12 such as dairy, will need lab work every 3-6 months
106
folic acid
water soluble B vitamin
107
folic acid action
correct folic acid deficiency, prevent neural tube defects during pregnancy
108
folic acid indication
megaloblastic anemia, alcohol use disorder, women of childbearing age
109
folic acid adverse effects
GI distress
110
folic acid contraindications
sole treatment of vit B12 deficiency
111
folic acid patient teaching
consume foods high in folic acid, such as green, leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, dried beans. will need lab work periodically.
112
ferrous sulfate
Iron
113
iron dextran
iron
114
iron action
carries oxygen to blood, supplementation in times of increased growth or high demands of RBC's.
115
iron dietary sources
meats and certain vegs and grains
116
iron indication
iron-deficiency anemia, prevention of iron-deficiency
117
iron adverse effects
GI distress (take with food), staining of teeth or tissues, constipation, anaphylaxis with parenteral administration, toxicity- shock, acidosis, liver and heart failure.
118
iron contraindications
anemia other than iron-deficiency
119
iron toxicity- pediatrics
iron overdose is the most common cause of pediatric poisoning
120
iron interactions
decreased absorption with calcium, antacids. increased absorption with vitamin C. can decrease absorption of certain antibiotics.
121
iron patient teaching
take on empty stomach, unless causes GI upset. space multiple doses throughout the day to avoid toxicity. may turn stool dark green or black. increase water, fiber and exercise to avoid constipation. consume foods high in iron, such as green leafy vegs egg yolks, liver.
122
serum osmolality
measures the concentration of all chemical particles found in the fluid part of blood.
Normal range: 275-295 mOsm/kg
123
tonicity
compares the concentrations of solutions. Isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic.
124
isotonic IV fluids
0.9% sodium chloride/NS
125
normal saline uses
expand volume, dilute medications, keep veins open
126
Lactated Ringers
isotonic. used for fluid resuscitation
127
5% dextrose in water
D5W, Isotonic. provides calories. may become hypotonic.
128
hypotonic IV fluids
0.45 % normal saline (half normal saline). Treats fluid loss
129
hypertonic IV fluids
5% dextrose in normal saline (D5NS), 10% Dextrose in water, 3% sodium chloride
130
>O
hypotonic IV fluids
131
hypertonic IV fluids
132
used to correct potassium excess
kayexalate, NS
133
used to correct calcium excess
bisphosphonates, diuretics, NS
134
used to correct magnesium excess
calcium gluconate, diuretics, NS
135
TPN
total parenteral nutrition, hypertonic
136
TPN action and indication
provides essential proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, trace elements, lipids, and fluids to patients unable to take in or absorb enteral nutrition. For patients with small bowel problems and who are NPO for a long period of time.
137
parenteral nutrition adverse effects
infection, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, fluid volume excess
138
TPN potential complications
pneumothorax, hemothorax, emboli ( complications of PICC central line)
139
TPN patient teaching
reason for TPN, protecting central line, not to abruptly stop treatment
140
TPN nursing considerations
aseptic technique when working with central line (sterile procedure with mask), monitor for infection, breathing difficulties, monitor blood glucose.
141
what are the 2 parts of the autonomic nervous system
sympathetic and parasympathetic
142
what response does the sympathetic system provide
fight or flight
143
what response does the parasympathetic system provide
rest and digest
144
what are 2 parts of the sympathetic nervous system
cholinergic and adrenergic
145
what are the effects of the sympathetic system on the body
fight or flight; respiration rate, blood pressure will increase. airway passages will widen. blood vessels to muscles and lungs will dilate but constrict to GI system. Motility will decrease.
146
what are the effects of the parasympathetic system on the body
pupil constriction, increased salivation and GI motility, decreased HR and BP, bronchoconstriction, relaxation of sphincter for bladder
147
what causes cholinergic effect
release of ACTH
148
what causes adrenergic effect
release of norepinephrine
149
what are 2 components of adrenergic system
alpha and beta
150
what is the alpha response of the adrenergic system
smooth muscle constriction, cardiac stimulation, narrowing blood vessels
151
what is the beta response of the adrenergic system
bronchioles dilate, blood vessels dilate, increased HR and BP
152
what are medications that are alpha agonists
decongestants, epinephrine, dopamine
153
what are some medications that are beta agonists
dopamine, epinephrine
154
the nurse assesses that the patient is having a sympathetic response when noting what manifestations
Increase in blood pressure, bronchodilation, and decreased bowel sounds
155
how do cholinergic meds work for parasympathetic system
stimulate the parasympathetic system at the nerve site
156
how do anticholinergic meds work
reduce cholinergic affect at target of body
157
the nurse administers a drug to a pt whose HR is bradycardic aimed at increasing HR and myocardial activity. What adrenergic receptor is this drug stimulating?
beta1
158
the nurse administers a drug that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system. what physiological response would indicate the drug is working
increased GI motility
159
a young woman who lives alone comes home at night to find a man in her apartment. what body responses would be expected for the young woman
increased BP, increased HR, pupil dilation
160
the sypmathetic nervous system is associated with fight-or-flight reaction. what reaction is the parasympathetic nervous system associated
rest and digest
161
the nurse administers a medication that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system. what manifestations would indicate the med is working
hyperactive bowel sounds, increased saliva production, constricted pupils
162
a patient in intensive care has received a high dose of epinephrine. The nurse will monitor for what effects?
dysrhythmia, stroke, seizures, bronchospasms, urinary retention, dry eyes
