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ENRP > Exam 2 Pharm > Flashcards

Exam 2 Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Thyroid agent
Administered as T4, which is converted to T3
Absorption is inhibited by cholecystramine

A

Levothyroxine

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2
Q

Antithyroid agent
Causes permanent destruction of thyroid tissue with radiation
Little systemic effects
Contraindicated in pregnant women.

A

131 I (radioactive iodide)

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3
Q

Antithyroid agent
Inhibits TPO, preventing the iodification in the production of thyroid hormone
Can cause agranulocytosis, cytopenias, liver inflammation

A

Methimazole

Class = thioamides

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4
Q

Antithyroid agent

  • Inhibits TPO, preventing the iodification in the production of thyroid hormone
  • Inhibits peripheral conversion of T3 to T4
A

Propothiouracil (PTU)

Class = thioamides

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5
Q

Antithyroid agent
Blocks iodine uptake by the thyroid
Tx for hyperthyroid, iodine deficiency or protects from radioactive iodine

A

Potassioum iodide

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6
Q

Diabetes Drugs:

-tide, Exenatide, Liraglutide MOA

A

GLP-1 agonists

activate Gs GPCR on B cell, activates AC, increasing cAMP, activating PKA, which activates VDCC

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7
Q

Diabetes Drugs:

-gliptin, sitagliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, alogliptin MOA

A

DPP-4 inhibitors

Inhibit the breakdown of GLP-1

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8
Q

Diabetes Drugs:

-amide, chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide MOA

A

K ATP channel blockers

depolarize B cell leading to eventual insulin exocytosis

*1st gen sulfonyureas

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9
Q

Diabetes Drugs:

glipizide, glyburide, glimepiride MOA

A

K ATP channel blockers

depolarize B cell leading to eventual insulin exocytosis

*2nd gen sulfonyureas

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10
Q

Diabetes Drugs:

  • glinide, nateglinide, repaglinide MOA
  • Meglitinides
A

K ATP channel blockers

depolarize B cell leading to eventual insulin exocytosis

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11
Q

Diabetes Drugs:

Metformin MOA

*Biguanides

A

activates AMP-activated protein kinase

  • puts body in an energy deficient state, forcing it to use energy stores
  • can cause lactic acidosis
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12
Q

Diabetes Drugs:

  • glitazone, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone MOA
  • Thiazolidinediones
A

ligand of PPARy nuclear receptor

  • increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues (inc. GLUT4)
  • can cause edema and water retention, HF exacerbation, osteoporosis
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13
Q

Diabetes Drugs:

-flozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin MOA

A

SGL2 inhibitors

inhibit glucose re-absorption in the PCT

*can cause hypotension (osmotic diuresis) and UTI

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14
Q

Diabetes Drugs:

Acarbose, Miglitol MOA

A

a-glycosidase inhibitors

prevent the breakdown of polysaccharides in the gut, preventing absorption (insulin sparing effect)

*can cause diarrhea and farting, bloating

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15
Q

Rapid acting insulins (3)

A

Aspart, Lispro, Glulisine

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16
Q

Short acting insulin (1)

A

regular insulin

17
Q

Long acting insulins (2)

A

Detemir, Glargine

18
Q

Diabetes Drugs:

Pramlintide MOA

*Amylin analog

A

enhances insulin action

inhibits glucagon secretion and decreases gastric emptying (satiety)

19
Q

Glucocorticoids have what effect on insulin?

A

Inhibit insulin effects (decreased glucose uptake)

can cause hyperglycemia, especially in diabetics

20
Q

Effect of excess black licorice (glycyrrhizin) consumtpion

A

inhibition of 11B-HSD2 (11B-dehydrogenase)

increases cortisol activity at MR receptor, leading to aldosterone-like effects

Hypertension and hyokalemia

21
Q

Short acting glucocorticoids (<12h)

2

A

Hydrocortisone (cortisol)

Cortisone

22
Q

Intermediate acting glucocorticoids (12-36h)

4

A

Prednisone
Prednisolone
Methylprednisone
Triamcinolone

23
Q

Long acting glucocorticoids (>36h)

2

A

Betamethasone

Dexamethasone

24
Q

Glucocorticoid antagonist drug

A

Mifepristone

can be used for abortion and cushing syndrome

25
Q

Mineralcorticoid agonist (like aldosterone)

A

Fludrocortisone

can be used to treat adrenal insufficiency (addisons)

26
Q

Mineralcorticoid antagonists (2)

A

Spironolactone (can cause hyperkalemia and gynecomastia)

Eplerenone

27
Q

Antifungal that can inhibit steroid hormone synthesis

A

Ketaconazole

ENRP (5 decks)

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