Exam 2 Pharm Flashcards
Thyroid agent
Administered as T4, which is converted to T3
Absorption is inhibited by cholecystramine
Levothyroxine
Antithyroid agent
Causes permanent destruction of thyroid tissue with radiation
Little systemic effects
Contraindicated in pregnant women.
131 I (radioactive iodide)
Antithyroid agent
Inhibits TPO, preventing the iodification in the production of thyroid hormone
Can cause agranulocytosis, cytopenias, liver inflammation
Methimazole
Class = thioamides
Antithyroid agent
- Inhibits TPO, preventing the iodification in the production of thyroid hormone
- Inhibits peripheral conversion of T3 to T4
Propothiouracil (PTU)
Class = thioamides
Antithyroid agent
Blocks iodine uptake by the thyroid
Tx for hyperthyroid, iodine deficiency or protects from radioactive iodine
Potassioum iodide
Diabetes Drugs:
-tide, Exenatide, Liraglutide MOA
GLP-1 agonists
activate Gs GPCR on B cell, activates AC, increasing cAMP, activating PKA, which activates VDCC
Diabetes Drugs:
-gliptin, sitagliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, alogliptin MOA
DPP-4 inhibitors
Inhibit the breakdown of GLP-1
Diabetes Drugs:
-amide, chlorpropamide, tolbutamide, tolazamide MOA
K ATP channel blockers
depolarize B cell leading to eventual insulin exocytosis
*1st gen sulfonyureas
Diabetes Drugs:
glipizide, glyburide, glimepiride MOA
K ATP channel blockers
depolarize B cell leading to eventual insulin exocytosis
*2nd gen sulfonyureas
Diabetes Drugs:
- glinide, nateglinide, repaglinide MOA
- Meglitinides
K ATP channel blockers
depolarize B cell leading to eventual insulin exocytosis
Diabetes Drugs:
Metformin MOA
*Biguanides
activates AMP-activated protein kinase
- puts body in an energy deficient state, forcing it to use energy stores
- can cause lactic acidosis
Diabetes Drugs:
- glitazone, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone MOA
- Thiazolidinediones
ligand of PPARy nuclear receptor
- increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues (inc. GLUT4)
- can cause edema and water retention, HF exacerbation, osteoporosis
Diabetes Drugs:
-flozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin MOA
SGL2 inhibitors
inhibit glucose re-absorption in the PCT
*can cause hypotension (osmotic diuresis) and UTI
Diabetes Drugs:
Acarbose, Miglitol MOA
a-glycosidase inhibitors
prevent the breakdown of polysaccharides in the gut, preventing absorption (insulin sparing effect)
*can cause diarrhea and farting, bloating
Rapid acting insulins (3)
Aspart, Lispro, Glulisine
Short acting insulin (1)
regular insulin
Long acting insulins (2)
Detemir, Glargine
Diabetes Drugs:
Pramlintide MOA
*Amylin analog
enhances insulin action
inhibits glucagon secretion and decreases gastric emptying (satiety)
Glucocorticoids have what effect on insulin?
Inhibit insulin effects (decreased glucose uptake)
can cause hyperglycemia, especially in diabetics
Effect of excess black licorice (glycyrrhizin) consumtpion
inhibition of 11B-HSD2 (11B-dehydrogenase)
increases cortisol activity at MR receptor, leading to aldosterone-like effects
Hypertension and hyokalemia
Short acting glucocorticoids (<12h)
2
Hydrocortisone (cortisol)
Cortisone
Intermediate acting glucocorticoids (12-36h)
4
Prednisone
Prednisolone
Methylprednisone
Triamcinolone
Long acting glucocorticoids (>36h)
2
Betamethasone
Dexamethasone
Glucocorticoid antagonist drug
Mifepristone
can be used for abortion and cushing syndrome
Mineralcorticoid agonist (like aldosterone)
Fludrocortisone
can be used to treat adrenal insufficiency (addisons)
Mineralcorticoid antagonists (2)
Spironolactone (can cause hyperkalemia and gynecomastia)
Eplerenone
Antifungal that can inhibit steroid hormone synthesis
Ketaconazole
