Exam 2 Patho Endocrine

Question 1

What are the endocrine glands?

Answer 1

Pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas

Question 2

hypothalamus

Answer 2

Coordinating center of the brain

Question 3

hypothalamic hormones: GHRH

Answer 3

growth-hormone-releasing hormone that specifically stimulates the synthesis and release of growth hormone

Question 4

hypo. hormones: GHIH

Answer 4

growth hormone-inhibiting hormone is a hormone that regulates the endocrine system

Question 5

hypo. hormones: TRH

Answer 5

thyroid troponin releasing hormone that controls the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 6

hypo. hormones: CRH

Answer 6

corticotropin-releasing hormone that controls the body’s stress response

Question 7

hypo hormones: GnRH

Answer 7

gonadotropin-releasing hormone that controls the release of other hormones that regulate reproduction

Question 8

hypo. hormones: PIF

Answer 8

psychological prolactin inhibiter

Question 9

ant. pit. hormones: TSH

Answer 9

thyroid-stimulating hormone that tells your thyroid how much thyroid hormone it needs to make.

Question 10

ant. pit. hormones: ACTH

Answer 10

adrenocorticotropic hormone that helps the body respond to stress

Question 11

ant. pit. hormones: FSH

Answer 11

follicle-stimulating hormone that helps with sexual development and reproduction

Question 12

ant. pit. hormones: LH

Answer 12

luteinizing hormone that regulates reproductive processes. especially during the menstrual cycle

Question 13

Prolactin

Answer 13

controls milk production and growth of breast tissue after childbirth

Question 14

Growth Hormone GH

Answer 14

essential for normal body growth and maturation

Question 15

Where are the hypothalamic hormones transported to?

Answer 15

Anterior pituitary through portal vessels.

Question 16

ADH and Oxytocin are produced where?

Answer 16

By nerve cells in the supraoptic and paraventricular in the hypothalamus.

Question 17

Hypopituitarism

Answer 17

deficiency of pituitary hormone, not receiving O2, hypothalamus not performing as it should

Question 18

Hyperpituitarism

Answer 18

Overproduction of pituitary hormone. Excess secretion of ACTH. Excess secretion of growth hormone

Question 19

anterior pituitary disorders

Answer 19

Hypopituitarism, hyperpituitarism

Question 20

posterior pituitary disorders

Answer 20

Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH), DI, pituitary tumors

Question 21

SIADH

Answer 21

results from failure of the negative feedback system that regulates the release and inhibition of ADH

Question 22

Sheehan Syndrome

Answer 22

unable to produce any breast milk, affects menstrual cycle, egg production, metabolism, atrophy of uterus and breast tissue, and infertility in women. Leads to testicular atrophy, infertility, in men.

Question 23

hyperprolactinemia

Answer 23

menstrual irregularities, infertility, bone loss, etc

Question 24

Deficiency of Prolactin

Answer 24

inadequate lactation, infertility, fatigue, low BP, confusion

Question 25

Deficiency of Gonadotropin

Answer 25

infertility, irregular periods, fatigue, loss of pubic hair, decreased bone density

Question 26

Deficiency of Thyrotropin

Answer 26

weight gain, fatigue, hair loss, menstrual irregularities, bradycardia

Question 27

Deficiency of Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer 27

fatigue, weight loss, weakness, low BP

Question 28

Posterior Pituitary disorders secrete function tumors. They secrete what?

Answer 28

Function hormones

Question 29

Posterior pituitary disorders produce non functioning tumors. What do they produce?

Answer 29

Do not produce or secrete hormones

Question 30

malignant posterior pituitary tumors are rare. True or false?

Answer 30

True

Question 31

GH excess in adults

Answer 31

occurs after bones have been fused. Acromegaly

Question 32

GH excess in children

Answer 32

tall stature in children, gigantism

Question 33

What are the thyroid hormones?

Answer 33

Thyroxine (T4), Tri-iodothyronine (T3), thyroid hormone, calcitonin

Question 34

hyperthyroidism

Answer 34

Results when tissues are exposed to high levels of circulating thyroid hormone

Question 35

Graves disease is the result of what thyroid function disorder?

Answer 35

hyperthyroidism

Question 36

Thyroid storm is the result of what thyroid function disorder?

Answer 36

Hyperthyroidism

Question 37

hypothyroidism

Answer 37

Lack of thyroid hormone causing insufficient stimulation of metabolism and heat production

Question 38

clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism

Answer 38

goiter, flushed warm skin, fine/soft hair/nails, protrusion of one or more eyeballs, tachy/bradycardia, restlessness, weight loss

Question 39

graves disease

Answer 39

Inappropriate stimulation of the thyroid gland that causes diplopia, vision loss, corneal ulceration

Question 40

Thyroid Storm

Answer 40

Extreme, life-threatening form of thyrotoxicosis that results in high fever. extreme cardiovascular effects, severe CNS effects

Question 41

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 41

is secreted by the parathyroid glands. 4 parathyroid glands located on the back side of the thyroid gland

Question 42

regulator of PTH?

Answer 42

Plasma calcium concentration

Question 43

What are the catecholamines? Where are they made in the brain?

Answer 43

Epinephrine and norepinephrine. medulla

Question 44

What are the peptides? Where are peptides made in the brain?

Answer 44

Somatostatin and substance P. medulla

Question 45

what are the mineralocorticoids? Where are they made in the brain?

Answer 45

Aldosterone and corticosterone. Zona Glomerulosa.

Question 46

what are the glucocorticoids? Where are they produced in the brain?

Answer 46

Cortisol and cortisone. Zona fasciculata.

Question 47

what are the androgens? Where are they produced in the brain?

Answer 47

Estrogens and testosterone. Zona reticulatis

Question 48

Androgens

Answer 48

essential role in K, Na, and water balance regulation. Targets intestines and sweat glands

Question 49

cortisol

Answer 49

respond to stress and are essential to survival. Target body cells

Question 50

hypofunction of adrenal cortical hormone causes...

Answer 50

Addison's disease, increased ACTH, low aldosterone, cortisol deficiency, congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Question 51

hyperfunction of adrenal cortical hormone causes...

Answer 51

Cushing's syndrome and hyperaldosteronism

Question 52

Addison's disease leads to

Answer 52

Autoimmune destruction, hypoactivity, infections

Question 53

Cushing's syndrome leads to

Answer 53

excess glucocorticoid , elevated ACTH, cortisol, and glucose

Question 54

hyperaldosteronism

Answer 54

excessive aldosterone. leads to electrolyte imbalances

Question 55

manifestations of hyperaldosteronism

Answer 55

hypertension, weakness, muscle wasting

Question 56

cushings syndrome characteristics

Answer 56

moon face, personality changes, edema, purple striae, fat deposits on face and back of shoulders, CNS irritability

Question 57

Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 57

deficiency of or decreased response to ADH

Question 58

ADH = vasopressin

Answer 58

regulates reabsorption of water by the kidneys

Question 59

Low ADH response?

Answer 59

large amounts of urine are excreted

Question 60

manifestations of Diabetes insipidus

Answer 60

polyuria, polydipsia, increased serum osmolality

Question 61

ant. pit. excess secretion of ACTH

Answer 61

Cushing's disease, moon face, thin arms and legs, easy bruising, purple stretch marks, high BP

Question 62

Thyroid dysfunction: thyroxine (T4)

Answer 62

a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that controls how your body uses energy

Question 63

Thyroid dysfunctions: tri-iodothyronine (T3)

Answer 63

influences the activity of all the cells and tissues of your body.