Exam #2 Parenting Flashcards
altricial species
bipedalism - having hands
brain size is larger
socialization within the family
Values
Standards
Skills
Knowledge
Behaviors
Coping with change
Diana Baumrind
studied influential role of parenting on development
methods: home and lab observations, parent interviews
warmth and responsiveness
Accepting
Affectionate
Listen to children’s needs and opinions
Attentive to requests for assistance
Include child in decision making
cold/hostile
Rejecting
Unresponsive
demanding/higher on control
Monitor and manage behavior
Set limits
High expectations
Rules and consequences
Autonomy issues - when and how much
permissive
Few limits
Unmonitored freedom
authoritative - democratic
high in warmth
- Acceptance
- Involvement
- Responsive
- Attentive
high in demand
- Reasonable expectations - consistently enforced
- Explains expectations/demands
- Conversation and reasoning
- Empower child in autonomy - with limits
Goal - social responsible, assertive, self-control
competent, independent and more self-assured
low on drug/behavioral problems
authoritarian - autocratic
low warmth
- low responsiveness, acceptance, and involvement
- may belittle child
high control/ demandingness
- very controlling
- low autonomy granting
- expect compliance
- threats and punishment
child - tend to be more anxious and unhappy
more problems with social and academic competence
permissive
high warmth
- warm and accepting
- respond to child’s needs
- not really “involved”
low control
- too much autonomy
- no clear expectations and/or limits
- don’t require appropriate behavior
child - disobedient and lacking self-control
low happiness, self-regulation, low school achievement and issues with authority
uninvolved
low warmth
- low acceptance and involvement
- unresponsive, disengaged
low control
- indifference to autonomy
- don’t set limits or monitor behavior
very disruptive of development
extreme neglect
child - depression, anger, anti-social and substance abuse and risky sexual behavior
findings
Authoritative parenting - best child outcomes in preschool
Parents provide good medals of interaction
Non-arbitrary rules
Value of approval and disapproval
Challenge to meet potential
Parent acceptance, involvement, and rational control are sources of resilience
Authoritarian then Permissive then uninvolved
child-rearing to children’s development
Parenting in middle childhood = co-regulation
Parenting in Adolescence = autonomy
Parents in the same family can have different parenting styles
But there are some that work together better
culturally
Authoritarian parenting in
African-American families
Positive effects found for African-American families who use more authoritarian style
Asian families
Latinx families
European-America families
Associated with more aggressive children
limitations of research
The direction of effect - bidirectional influence of parents and children
Parenting styles influence children and children influence parenting styles
Generalizability - samples not representative of all American families
