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Gastrointestinal System > EXAM #2: OSTEOPATHIC CONSIDERATIONS IN GI > Flashcards

EXAM #2: OSTEOPATHIC CONSIDERATIONS IN GI Flashcards

1
Q

What nerve provides 75% of the PNS influence on the body?

A

CN X (Vagus)

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2
Q

What nerves compose the cranial portion of the PNS?

A

CN III, VII, IX, X

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3
Q

What nerves compose the sacral portion of the PNS?

A

S2, S3, S4

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4
Q

What are the effects of increased PNS stimulation on the glands, GI, Liver, Gallbladder/ ducts, GI arterioles?

A

Glands= copious secretions

GI= stimulation of peristalsis and sphincter relaxation

Liver= promote glycogen synthesis

Gallbladder= contraction

GI arterioles= NO innervation

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5
Q

What ganglia are associated with the SNS?

A

T1 - L2

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6
Q

How does the SNS supply the head and upper extremity?

A

Cervical ganglia (CN II, V, VII)

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7
Q

What is the SNS supply to the lower extremity?

A

Lumbar splanchnic nerves

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8
Q

What is the SNS effect on the Glands, Blood Vessels, GI, Liver, Gallbladder, and GI arterioles?

A

Glands= decrease secretion

BV= constriction

GI= decrease peristalsis and increase sphincter tone

Liver= promote glycogen breakdown

Gallbladder= relax

GI arterioles= constriction

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9
Q

What type of tone is typically seen during disease or trauma?

A

Increased SNS tone

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10
Q

What are the effects of increased SNS tone in a disease state?

A

1) Vasoconstriction leading to decreased nutritional supply to tissue
2) Thickened secretions causing tissue congestion
3) Decreased lymphatic drainage

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11
Q

Clinically, what is the osteopathic viewpoint on the clinical impact of increased SNS tone in disease?

A

Impaired medication delivery

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12
Q

How do patients present with lymphatic congestion in regards to their appearance and palpatory ques?

A
  • Appearance= uncomfortable

- Palpation= boggy/soggy

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13
Q

What is proper lymphatic motion dependent on?

A

Contractions of the diaphragm

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14
Q

What is the most important diaphragm to treat to improve lymphatic flow?

A

TI

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15
Q

What types of receptors relay the stretch that happens in the GI tract?

A
  • Pacinian corpusles

- Free nerve endings

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16
Q

Describe the viscero-somatic relationship.

A
  • Visceral pain is carried by visceral afferent”

- There is “spill-over” into the somatic afferents

17
Q

What thoracic levels are associated with the Upper GI System?

A

T5-11

18
Q

What throacic levels are associated with the Lower GI System?

A

T9-L2

19
Q

In the thoracic vertebrae, what type of SD is commonly seen with a chronic GI issue?

A
  • Extension
  • Rotation
  • Sidebending

All TOWARD the SAME side of the organ involved.

20
Q

What is post-op ileus a consequence of?

A

Viscero-visceral reflex in response to handling of the bowel during during surgery

21
Q

What ganglia will afferents from the thoracic splancnic nerves go to?

A

Celiac ganglion

22
Q

What ganglion will afferents from lumbar splancnic nerves go to?

A

Inferior mesenteric ganglion

23
Q

What is the outcome of hyperactivity of both the SNS and PNS?

A

IBS

24
Q

What are the three main elements that will hinder lymph flow?

A

1) Flattened diaphragm
2) Fascial torsion
3) Thoracic inlet impairment

25
Q

What lumbar segments correspond to the left crus?

A

L1- L2

26
Q

What lumbar segments correspond to the right crus?

A

L1-L3

27
Q

What viscero-somatic reflexes correspond to the stomach?

A 
SNS= T5-9 on left 
PNS= OA
28
Q

What viscero-somatic reflexes correspond to the gallbladder?

A 
SNS= T9 
PNS= OA
29
Q

What viscero-somatic reflexes correspond to the liver?

A 
SNS= T6-T9
PNS= OA
30
Q

What viscero-somatic reflexes correspond to the pancreas?

A 
SNS= T5-T11
PNS= OA
31
Q

What viscero-somatic reflexes correspond to the small intestine?

A 
SNS= T9-T11 
PNS= OA
32
Q

What viscero-somatic reflexes correspond to the ascending and transverse colon?

A 
SNS= T10-T12 
PNS= OA
33
Q

What viscero-somatic reflexes correspond to the descending colon and rectum?

A 
SNS= L1-2 
PNS= S2-4
34
Q

What viscero-somatic reflexes correspond to the appendix?

A 
SNS= T12 right with rib
PNS= OA
35
Q

What viscero-somatic reflexes correspond to regional ileitis?

A

T10-T12

36
Q

What viscero-somatic reflexes correspond to chronic constipation?

A

Erector spinae mass in the mid-lumbar region

37
Q

Where can the gallbladder refer pain?

A

Right shoulder

38
Q

Where can the pancreas refer pain?

A

Back

Gastrointestinal System (42 decks)

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