Exam 2 OINA

Question 1

Trapezius

Answer 1

O - External occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes C7-T12
I - Posterior border of lateral third of clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula
N - Spinal root of accessory n. CN XI
A - Upper fibers: elevation; middle fibers: retraction; lower fibers: depression

Question 2

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 2

O - Spinous processes of T7-L5, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3 or 4 ribs, inferior angle of scapula
I - Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus
N - Thoracodorsal n.
A - Extention, adduction, medial rotation of humerus; elevates body when climbing

Question 3

Levator Scapulae

Answer 3

O - Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4
I - Superior part of medial border of scapula
N - Dorsal scapular n. C4-C5
A - Elevation of scapula, rotation of head to same side

Question 4

Rhomboid Major

Answer 4

O - Spinous processes of T2-T5
I - Medial border of scapula from spine to inferior angle
N - Dorsal scapular n. C4-C5
A - Retraction and downward rotation of scapula

Question 5

Rhomboid Minor

Answer 5

O - Ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T1
I - Medial border of scapula from spine to superior angle
N - Dorsal scapular n. C4-C5
A - Retraction and downward rotation of scapula

Question 6

Serratus Posterior Superior

Answer 6

O - Ligamentum nuchae, spinous porcesses of C7-T3
I - 2nd-5th ribs
N - Ventral primary rami of first 3 or 4 thoracic n.
A - Elevation of superior ribs to increase size of thorax

Question 7

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Answer 7

O - Spinous processes of T11-L2
I - Inferior 3 or 4 ribs
N - Ventral primary rami of last 4 thoracic n.
A - Depression of inferior 3 or 4 ribs to prevent superior pull by diaphragm

Question 8

Splenius Capitis

Answer 8

O - Ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T3
I - Mastoid process, occipital bone
N - Dorsal primary rami of C1-C6
A - Rotation of head/neck to same side, head/neck extension

Question 9

Splenius Cervicis

Answer 9

O - Spinous processes of T3-T6
I - Transverse processes of C1-C4
N - Dorsal primary rami of C1-C6
A - Rotation of head/neck to same side, head/neck extension

Question 10

Iliocostalis Lumborum

Answer 10

O - Arises from iliac crest
I - Angles of lower 6 ribs
N - Dorsal primary rami
A - Extension and lateral flexion of vertebral column

Question 11

Iliocostalis Thoracis

Answer 11

O - Arises from lower 6 ribs
I - Angles of upper 6 ribs
N - Dorsal primary rami
A - Extension and lateral flexion of vertebral column

Question 12

Iliocostalis Cervicis

Answer 12

O - Arises from upper 6 ribs
I - Transverse processes of C4-C6
N - Dorsal primary rami
A - Extension and lateral flexion of vertebral column

Question 13

Longissimus Thoracis

Answer 13

O - Lower lumbar spinous processes and sacrum
I - Lower 9 ribs and associated transverse processes
N - Dorsal primary rami
A - Extension and lateral flexion of vertebral column

Question 14

Longissimus Cervicis

Answer 14

O - Arises from transverse processes of T1-T4 or T6
I - Transverse processes of C2-C6
N - Dorsal primary rami
A - Extension and lateral flexion of vertebral column

Question 15

Longissiums Capitis

Answer 15

O - Arises from lower 4 cervical vertebrae
I - Mastoid process
N - Dorsal primary rami
A - Extension and lateral flexion of vertebral column

Question 16

Spinalis

Answer 16

O - Spinous processes of T11-L2
I - Spinous processes of upper 4 to 8 thoracic vertebrae
N - Dorsal primary rami
A - Extension and lateral flexion of vertebral column

Question 17

Semispinalis (Capitis, Cervicis, Thoracis)

Answer 17

O - Transverse processes of C4-T12
I - Occipital bone (fibers tend to span 5-6 segments)
N - Dorsal rami of cervical spinal n.
A - Bilateral: extension of head; unilateral: rotation of head to same side

Question 18

Multifidus

Answer 18

O - Vertebral arches (C2-S4)
I - Spinous processes 1-3 vertebrae from Origin (C2-S4)
N - Dorsal rami of spinal n.
A - Unilateral: flexion and lateral rotation to opposite side of trunk; bilateral: extension of trunk

Question 19

Rotatores

Answer 19

O - Transverse processes of each vertebra
I - Base of spinous process of superior vertebra
N - Dorsal rami of spinal n.
A - Rotation of superior vertebra to opposite side (probably more proprioceptive than anything)

Question 20

External Oblique

Answer 20

O - External surface of 5th-12th ribs
I - Linea alba, pubic crest, iliac crest, pubic symphysis
N - Inferior 5 thoracic n. (T7-T11), subcostal n. (T12), iliohypogastric n, (L1)
A - Flexion and rotation of trunk, compress abdominal contents

Question 21

Internal Oblique

Answer 21

O - Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior iliac crest, lateral half of inguinal ligament
I - Linea alba, pubic crest, inferior surface of 10th-12th ribs
N - Thoracoabdominal n. (ventral rami of T6-T12 spinal nerves), 1st lumbar n.
A - Flexion and rotation of trunk, compress abdominal contents

Question 22

Transversus Abdominus

Answer 22

O - Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior iliac crest, lateral third of inguinal ligament, inferior surface of costal cartilages 7-12
I - Linea alba, pubic crest, pubic symphysis
N - Thoracoabdominal n. (ventral rami of T6-T12 spinal nerves), 1st lumbar n.
A - Compress and support abdominal viscera

Question 23

Rectus Abdominus

Answer 23

O - Pubic symphysis, pubic crest
I - Xyphoid process, 5th and 7th costal cartilages
N - Thoracoabdominal n. (ventral rami of T6-T12 spinal nerves)
A - Flexion of trunk, tension of anterior abdominal wall

Question 24

Psoas Major

Answer 24

O - Transverse processes, bodies, and IV discs of T12-L5
I - Lesser trochanter of femur with iliacus
N - Ventral primary rami of L1-L3
A - Flexion of thigh, flexion and lateral flexion of trunk

Question 25

Psoas Minor

Answer 25

O - Bodies of vertebrae T12 and L1 and IV disc in between
I - Pubic bone
N - Ventral primary ramus of L1
A - Flexion of pelvis and vertebral column

Question 26

Iliacus

Answer 26

O - Iliac fossa (superior 2/3), ala of sacrum, anterior sacroiliac ligament
I - Lesser trochanter of femur with psoas major
N - Femoral n. L2-L4
A - Flexion of thigh, stabilization of hip joint

Question 27

Quadratus Lumborum

Answer 27

O - Iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament, transverse processes of lower lumbar vertebrae
I - 12th rib, transverse processes of upper lumbar vertebrae
N - Subcostal n., upper lumbar ventral primary rami
A - Lateral flexion of trunk, extension of vertebral column, elevation of hip, stabilization of 12th rib against inspiration