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Medical 1 > Exam 2: Nursing Care of Endocrine Patients > Flashcards

Exam 2: Nursing Care of Endocrine Patients Flashcards

1
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Abnormal protrusion of the eyeball

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2
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Excessive increase in the number of normal cells

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3
Q

Ketoacidosis

A

A condition in which fat breakdown produces ketones, which cause an acidic state in the body

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4
Q

Kussmaul Respirations

A

Term describing deep respirations of an individual with ketoacidosis

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5
Q

Myxedema

A

condition resulting from hypofunction of the thyroid gland

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6
Q

Nephropathy

A

any disease of the kidney

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7
Q

Neuropathy

A

general term denoting functional disturbances and pathological changes in the peripheral nervous system

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8
Q

Nocturia

A

night time urination

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9
Q

Osmolality

A

osmotic concentration, ionic concentration of the dissolved per unit of solvent.

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10
Q

Polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

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11
Q

Polyphagia

A

excessive eating

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12
Q

Polyuria

A

excessive urination

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13
Q

Postprandial

A

after a meal

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14
Q

Preprandial

A

before a meal

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15
Q

Retinopathy

A

disease of the retina of the eye

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16
Q

Tetany

A

muscle spasms ,numbness, and tingling caused by changes in pH and low serum calcium

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17
Q

Which hormone raises blood calcium and lowers blood phosphate levels?

A

parathyroid

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18
Q

What is diabetes insipidus DI

A

Too little antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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19
Q

symptoms of DI

A

polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia, dilute urine, dehydration, hypovolemic shock, decreased level of consciousness, death. Increased urine specific gravity, plasma osmolality increased

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20
Q

What is SIADH

A

too much ADH, water retention, hyponatremia, decreased serum osmolality

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21
Q

Symptoms of SIADH

A

weight gain without edema, dilutional hyponatremia, serum osmolality increased, concentrated urine, muscle cramps and weakness, brain swelling, seizures and death

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22
Q

Cushings Syndrome?

A

excess adrenal cortex hormones, Too much cortisol hormone

23
Q

Cushing’s syndrome symptoms

A

Hump back, moon face

24
Q

Type 1 Diabetes vs Type 2 Diabetes

A

T1: autoimmune, beta cell destruction, pancreas secrets NO insulin. Ketosis prone

T2: Reduced beta cells, obesity may be a factor, non-ketosis prone.

25
Fasting BG, Random BG, OGTT BG and a1c for DM dx
Fasting 126 or greater, Random: 200 or greater, OGTT: 200 or greater after two hours, a1c over 6.5%
26
Post prandial BG and Preprandial BG ranges
Pre: 80-130 Post: greater than 180
27
Signs of DM
3 P's (polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia), fatigue, blurred vision, infection prone, abdominal pain
28
Symptoms of metabolic syndrome
elevated waist circumference, elevated triglycerides, decreased HDL, increased blood pressure, increased fasting BG
29
What is the glycosylated hemoglobin test?
A1c, average of blood glucose levels over the last three months
30
Common pancreatic Tests
fasting BG, OGTT< glycosylated hemoglobin (a1c)
31
Common adrenal tests?
cortisol, 24 hour urine for VMA (vanillylmandelic acid)
32
Common pituitary tests
GH- growth hormone, ADH, antidiuretic hormone, urine specific gravity, ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone
33
Common parathyroid tests
PTH-parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphorous
34
Common thyroid tests
TSH- thyroid stimulating horome, T3-triiodothyronine, t4-thyroxine
35
What are the glands of the endocrine system
hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenal, pineal, ovaries, testes
36
Names of Very Short Acting Insulin
Humalog (insulin lispro), NovoLog (insulin aspart), Apridra (insulin gluisine), Afrezza (inhaled insulin)
37
Onset, Peak and Duration for Humalog
Onset: 5-15 mins, Peak: 30-90 mins, Duration 5 hours or less
38
Onset, Peak and Duration for NovoLog?
Onset-10-20 mins, Peak: 1-3 hour, Duration 3-5 hours
39
Onset, Peak and Duration for Apidra
Onset: 15 mins, Peak 30 mins Duration 2-3 hours
40
Onset, Peak ,and Duration for Lantus and Levemir (long acting)
Onset: 1-2 hours, No peak, Up to 24 hours
41
What type of insulin is NPH, Humulin N, and Novolin N?
Insulin neutral protamine
42
Onset, Peak and Duration of NPH
Onset, 1-2 hours, peak 6-12 hours, duration 18-26 hours
43
What is a myxedema coma?
When hypothyroidism is not controlled. Symptoms include hypothermia, decreased vital signs and consciousness, respiratory failure and death.
44
What is a thyroid storm?
Complication of too much TSH in the body, symptoms include tachycardia, hypertension, fever, dehydration, coma and death.
45
What are some therapeutic interventions for hyperthyroidism?
methimazole (tapazole), beta blockers for tachycardia, radioactive iodine, thyroidectomy.
46
What are causes of hypoparathyroidsm ?
heredity or accidental removal of parathyroids during a thyroidectomy
47
What are symptoms of hypoparathyroidism?
tetany, numbness and tingling of fingers and perioral area, muscle spasms, neuromuscular irritability, cardiac arrhythmias, positive chvostek sign
48
What does calcitonin target?
Targets bone tissue
49
Symptoms of hyperparathyroidism
fatigue, depression, confusion, nausea and vomiting, kidney stones, joint pain, arrhythmias, coma, and cardiac arrest.
50
What is pheochromocytoma?
tumor of the adrenal medulla, usually benign
51
What are symptoms of pheochromocytoma?
fight or flight, due to the secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Hypertension, tachycardia, palpitations, tremor, diaphoresis, anxiety, headache, vision changes, risk for stroke, risk for organ damage.
52
What is Addison's disease?
adrenal insufficiency, a disorder that occurs when the body doesn't produce enough cortisol.
53
symptoms of addison's
hypotension, sodium loss, potassium retention, hypoglycemia, weakness, fatigue, bronze skin, nausea and vomiting.

Medical 1 (5 decks)

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