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Medical 1 > Exam 2: Nursing Care of Endocrine Patients > Flashcards

Exam 2: Nursing Care of Endocrine Patients Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Abnormal protrusion of the eyeball

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2
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Excessive increase in the number of normal cells

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3
Q

Ketoacidosis

A

A condition in which fat breakdown produces ketones, which cause an acidic state in the body

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4
Q

Kussmaul Respirations

A

Term describing deep respirations of an individual with ketoacidosis

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5
Q

Myxedema

A

condition resulting from hypofunction of the thyroid gland

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6
Q

Nephropathy

A

any disease of the kidney

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7
Q

Neuropathy

A

general term denoting functional disturbances and pathological changes in the peripheral nervous system

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8
Q

Nocturia

A

night time urination

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9
Q

Osmolality

A

osmotic concentration, ionic concentration of the dissolved per unit of solvent.

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10
Q

Polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

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11
Q

Polyphagia

A

excessive eating

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12
Q

Polyuria

A

excessive urination

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13
Q

Postprandial

A

after a meal

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14
Q

Preprandial

A

before a meal

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15
Q

Retinopathy

A

disease of the retina of the eye

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16
Q

Tetany

A

muscle spasms ,numbness, and tingling caused by changes in pH and low serum calcium

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17
Q

Which hormone raises blood calcium and lowers blood phosphate levels?

A

parathyroid

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18
Q

What is diabetes insipidus DI

A

Too little antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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19
Q

symptoms of DI

A

polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia, dilute urine, dehydration, hypovolemic shock, decreased level of consciousness, death. Increased urine specific gravity, plasma osmolality increased

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20
Q

What is SIADH

A

too much ADH, water retention, hyponatremia, decreased serum osmolality

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21
Q

Symptoms of SIADH

A

weight gain without edema, dilutional hyponatremia, serum osmolality increased, concentrated urine, muscle cramps and weakness, brain swelling, seizures and death

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22
Q

Cushings Syndrome?

A

excess adrenal cortex hormones, Too much cortisol hormone

23
Q

Cushing’s syndrome symptoms

A

Hump back, moon face

24
Q

Type 1 Diabetes vs Type 2 Diabetes

A

T1: autoimmune, beta cell destruction, pancreas secrets NO insulin. Ketosis prone

T2: Reduced beta cells, obesity may be a factor, non-ketosis prone.

25
Q

Fasting BG, Random BG, OGTT BG and a1c for DM dx

A

Fasting 126 or greater, Random: 200 or greater, OGTT: 200 or greater after two hours, a1c over 6.5%

26
Q

Post prandial BG and Preprandial BG ranges

A

Pre: 80-130 Post: greater than 180

27
Q

Signs of DM

A

3 P’s (polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia), fatigue, blurred vision, infection prone, abdominal pain

28
Q

Symptoms of metabolic syndrome

A

elevated waist circumference, elevated triglycerides, decreased HDL, increased blood pressure, increased fasting BG

29
Q

What is the glycosylated hemoglobin test?

A

A1c, average of blood glucose levels over the last three months

30
Q

Common pancreatic Tests

A

fasting BG, OGTT< glycosylated hemoglobin (a1c)

31
Q

Common adrenal tests?

A

cortisol, 24 hour urine for VMA (vanillylmandelic acid)

32
Q

Common pituitary tests

A

GH- growth hormone, ADH, antidiuretic hormone, urine specific gravity, ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone

33
Q

Common parathyroid tests

A

PTH-parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphorous

34
Q

Common thyroid tests

A

TSH- thyroid stimulating horome, T3-triiodothyronine, t4-thyroxine

35
Q

What are the glands of the endocrine system

A

hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenal, pineal, ovaries, testes

36
Q

Names of Very Short Acting Insulin

A

Humalog (insulin lispro), NovoLog (insulin aspart), Apridra (insulin gluisine), Afrezza (inhaled insulin)

37
Q

Onset, Peak and Duration for Humalog

A

Onset: 5-15 mins, Peak: 30-90 mins, Duration 5 hours or less

38
Q

Onset, Peak and Duration for NovoLog?

A

Onset-10-20 mins, Peak: 1-3 hour, Duration 3-5 hours

39
Q

Onset, Peak and Duration for Apidra

A

Onset: 15 mins, Peak 30 mins Duration 2-3 hours

40
Q

Onset, Peak ,and Duration for Lantus and Levemir (long acting)

A

Onset: 1-2 hours, No peak, Up to 24 hours

41
Q

What type of insulin is NPH, Humulin N, and Novolin N?

A

Insulin neutral protamine

42
Q

Onset, Peak and Duration of NPH

A

Onset, 1-2 hours, peak 6-12 hours, duration 18-26 hours

43
Q

What is a myxedema coma?

A

When hypothyroidism is not controlled. Symptoms include hypothermia, decreased vital signs and consciousness, respiratory failure and death.

44
Q

What is a thyroid storm?

A

Complication of too much TSH in the body, symptoms include tachycardia, hypertension, fever, dehydration, coma and death.

45
Q

What are some therapeutic interventions for hyperthyroidism?

A

methimazole (tapazole), beta blockers for tachycardia, radioactive iodine, thyroidectomy.

46
Q

What are causes of hypoparathyroidsm ?

A

heredity or accidental removal of parathyroids during a thyroidectomy

47
Q

What are symptoms of hypoparathyroidism?

A

tetany, numbness and tingling of fingers and perioral area, muscle spasms, neuromuscular irritability, cardiac arrhythmias, positive chvostek sign

48
Q

What does calcitonin target?

A

Targets bone tissue

49
Q

Symptoms of hyperparathyroidism

A

fatigue, depression, confusion, nausea and vomiting, kidney stones, joint pain, arrhythmias, coma, and cardiac arrest.

50
Q

What is pheochromocytoma?

A

tumor of the adrenal medulla, usually benign

51
Q

What are symptoms of pheochromocytoma?

A

fight or flight, due to the secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Hypertension, tachycardia, palpitations, tremor, diaphoresis, anxiety, headache, vision changes, risk for stroke, risk for organ damage.

52
Q

What is Addison’s disease?

A

adrenal insufficiency, a disorder that occurs when the body doesn’t produce enough cortisol.

53
Q

symptoms of addison’s

A

hypotension, sodium loss, potassium retention, hypoglycemia, weakness, fatigue, bronze skin, nausea and vomiting.

Medical 1 (5 decks)

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