Exam 2 note cards

Question 1

What describes the human body?

Answer 1

(acceptable answers) Machine/Biological Super Computer,Refinery & Manufacturing Plant,Interface between Soul & World,Temple.

Question 2

What is the purpose of the human body?

Answer 2

To sustain itself,To reproduce itself,To glorify God

Question 3

T or F Homeostasis is the maintenance of the physical and chemical aspects of the body’s internal
environment within a range favorable for cellular activities.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Multiple _________ types make up each organ.

Answer 4

tissue

Question 5

What kind of tissue is described by the following statement: forms the protective outer layer or
linings of tissues; fits tightly together in single or multiple layered arrangements; cell junctions form
seals to prevent leaks.

Answer 5

Epithelium

Question 6

What kind of muscle tissue is used for “involuntary movements” such as gut contraction, squeezing
glands for secretion, & emptying the bladder?

Answer 6

Smooth

Question 7

What kind of connective tissue is found at the ends of long bones, in the nose, and trachea?

Answer 7

Cartilage

Question 8

Receptor -> Integrator -> ??? -> Response -> Response leads to change change feeds back on itself (cycle repeats)

Answer 8

Effector

Question 9

T or F The central nervous system consists of the brain and autonomic nerves.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

T or F The somatic nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system and are involved with sensation &
movement of the head, trunk & limbs.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What is the center of conscious control in the brain ?

Answer 11

Cerebrum

Question 12

What lobe of the cerebrum is involved in making judgments or deciding between right & wrong?

Answer 12

Frontal

Question 13

What part of the brain is the major control center for homeostasis (i.e. regulates hunger, thirst, sex
drive, etc.)?

Answer 13

Hypothalamus

Question 14

What autonomic nerve is involved with “fight or flight” responses?

Answer 14

Sympathetic

Question 15

The 5 steps of nerve signaling in their proper order

Answer 15

Nerve polarization, Nerve depolarization, Signal propagation, Neurotransmitter release, Post‐synaptic signal

Question 16

T or F Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that regulates sleep and emotions.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

What type of digestive system consists of a one‐way saclike cavity (a.k.a. mouth‐anus combo)?

Answer 17

Incomplete

Question 18

Cows have three chambered stomachs with bacterial symbionts that help breakdown cellulose.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

T or F Is the spleen part of the digestive system ?

Answer 19

False

Question 20

_______ is liquefied food created by the churning of the stomach.

Answer 20

Barf

Question 21

salivary gland and pancreas secrete amylase enzyme which cuts them up

Answer 21

Carbohydrates

Question 22

stomach acids begin the process of hydrolysis which forms long peptides

Answer 22

Proteins

Question 23

bile from the liver breaks them up into microscopic droplets

Answer 23

Lipids

Question 24

pancreas secretes nucleases which cut them up

Answer 24

DNA/RNA

Question 25

T or F the gall bladder is a part of the urinary and renal system

Answer 25

False

Question 26

T or F anabolic a biosynthetic pathway

Answer 26

True

Question 27

T or F A chemical reaction will occur when there a decrease in energy level, increase in entropy, and in reactant concentration

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What form of energy comes from the sun ?

Answer 28

electromagnetic

Question 29

Which law of thermodynamics says that the total amount of energy in the universe remains constant ?

Answer 29

The 1st law

Question 30

T or F Diffusion is the tendency of particles (molecules, atoms, etc.) to move from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration (i.e. minimum dilution)

Answer 30

False

Question 31

T or F Enzymes are catalytic molecules they decrease activation energies, speed the rate at which reactions approach equilibrium, and increase the effective concentrations of substrates

Answer 31

True

Question 32

What enzyme regulatory mechanism does this statement describe “The accumulation of the end product inhibits one or more steps of the process”.

Answer 32

feedback inhibition

Question 33

In which mechanisms of cellular transport are solutes are carried up (or against) their concentration gradient?

Answer 33

active transport

Question 34

_______ is the universal currency for energy (i.e. the battery of the cell).

Answer 34

ATP

Question 35

T or F cellular respiration is a anaerobic process

Answer 35

False

Question 36

T or F Both cellular respiration and alcohol fermentation begin with glycolysis in the cytoplasm

Answer 36

True

Question 37

How many ATPs does the cell have to invest in the energy‐requiring steps of glycolysis (i.e. to activate glucose)?

Answer 37

2

Question 38

In which part of the cell do the preparatory steps, Krebs Cycle, and electron transport phosphorylation take place?

Answer 38

mitochondria

Question 39

where is glucose split into two pyruvate molecules

Answer 39

Glycolysis

Question 40

where is pyruvate is broken down to form CO2

Answer 40

Krebs Cycle

Question 41

sets up a H+ gradient which powers ATP formation

Answer 41

Electron Transport Phosphorylation

Question 42

carried out by yeast to make beer & bread (yummy!)

Answer 42

Alcohol Fermentation

Question 43

Plasma makes up 90% of human blood by volume

Answer 43

False

Question 44

What receives blood from the veins ?

Answer 44

atrium

Question 45

What carries blood away from the heart ?

Answer 45

artery

Question 46

Blood pressure is highest in the __________.

Answer 46

arteries

Question 47

The __________ is the longer loop of the cardiovascular circuit that carries blood to and from body tissues.

Answer 47

Systemic circuit

Question 48

T or F Before lymph flows into blood, it is filtered by lymph nodes.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

T or F The smaller the surface area the faster the rate of gas exchange

Answer 49

False