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Psych 101 > Exam 2 - Neuroscience > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Neuroscience Flashcards

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1
Q

Neurons

A

Are used to send out messages from place to place in a multicellular organism.

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2
Q

Cell body or soma of a neuron

A

The same as other cells, DNA in the nucleus to make the necessary proteins for the cell.

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3
Q

Mitochondria

A

Provides energy for the cell.

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4
Q

Dendrite

A

Branches off the cell, specialized to receive information(input).

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5
Q

Axon

A

Always the output, but sends messages over long distances.

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6
Q

Axon terminals

A

The true output consisting of microns that are a 10th of a mm long.

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7
Q

How long is the longest Axon?

A

2 meters

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8
Q

Axon Hillock

A

Where the cell and axon connect

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9
Q

Myelin

A

Fatty sheets that are wrapped around the axon and helps send messages faster.

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10
Q

What do neurons act like and what kind of insulation do the have?

A

They act like a wire with cable like properties and are bad insulators because of the cell membrane.

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11
Q

How Fast does voltage travel in an axon and what happens as it travels?

A

The voltage travels at the speed of light but leaks out as it travels.

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12
Q

Action potential

A

Stored form of energy/ the voltage we measure when the cell is active.

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13
Q

Resting potential

A

The neuron is not being used

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14
Q

What is the voltage outside and inside of a neuron?

A

It is positive on the outside and negative in the inside.

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15
Q

What chemicals are inside of the axon and what chemicals are outside?

A

Potassium is always on the inside and the sodium is on the outside.

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16
Q

NaK pump

A

Sodium creeps inside the cell but the pump immediately kicks it out while pulling in extra potassium inside to even out the negative charge in order to repel the sodium atoms.

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17
Q

Thershold

A

Change in voltage to open the channel to let sodium in and potassium out due to concentration level

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18
Q

Action potential

A

All or nothing.

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19
Q

Refractory period

A

A period of rest that makes the Nerón rest and can’t fire again until it is ready.

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20
Q

Node

A

A gap between the myelin that allows the sodium to enter and also allows the action potential to skip forward allowing it to travel faster

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21
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Carries a signal across a gap to a new dendrite

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22
Q

Vesicles

A

Stored neurotransmitters that can release due to the osmotic force

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23
Q

Sport synaptic potential

A

Triggers voltage drop of a threshold in a dendrite

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24
Q

Reuptake

A

Recycled energy but cannot be reused because it’s not in the dendrite

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25
Q

Serotonin

A

A neurotransmitter that helps with your well-being and happiness but not having enough can lead to depression

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26
Q

SSRI

A

The drug that blocks serotonin levels

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27
Q

Acetylcholine

A

The first transmitter ever discovered. Goes into a receptor, breaks-down, also lets your nervous system talk to the skeletal muscles. Helps creat memories but lacking this can cause Alzheimer’s disease

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28
Q

Dopamine

A

A reward system in your brain that gives pleasure but having too much can make you have schizophrenia. Also controls motor activity in the brain. Having too little can make you have Parkinson’s disease

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29
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Controls the internal organ glands

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30
Q

Peripheral and somatic Nervous System

A

Controls muscles, joints and movement

31
Q

Sympathetic N.S.

A

Control of your emotional state that determines last minute action.

32
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Allows for rest and digestion. Also restores your body to its original state.

33
Q

How is the brain protected?

A

With the use of the skull and the meninges

34
Q

The meninges

A

Layer of membrane that protects the brain

35
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

Gel like substance that can’t hold its own weight but is in the skull and is a shock absorber for the brain

36
Q

Blood-brain

A

Helps keep the chemicals in your brain constant

37
Q

Saggital brain

A

Brain cut in half

38
Q

Fore brain

A

Outside parts of the brain

39
Q

Mid-brain

A

Center of the brain

40
Q

Hind brain

A

Posterior brain

41
Q

Reticular formation

A

Forms the brain together with the hind brain and center. Resides in the brain stem and helps with change in arousal,sleeping,and attention

42
Q

Brain stem

A

Uses mid fore and hind brain

43
Q

Cerebellum

A

Controls Moyer controls, specifically ballistic movement

44
Q

Balístico movement

A

Thrown movement that all the commands happen from your cerebellum to the muscles

45
Q

Substatia nigra

A

Black stuff in the mid brain. Important for motor function. Without it can cause Parkinson’s disease

46
Q

Colliculi

A

In control of sensation and perception. It’s takes info from the eyes to figure out where something is.

47
Q

Blind sight

A

The eyes are unable to give information to the brain

48
Q

Hypothalamus 3 things in control of

A

Motivated behaviors
1 food
2 fight or flight
3 love

49
Q

Thalamus

A

Sensory relay station that extends messages all the way up to the cortex

50
Q

Basel ganglia

A

Has a lot to do with motor control

51
Q

Limbic system

A

In charge of emotions

52
Q

Amygdala

A

Causes fear

53
Q

Septum

A

Relief part of the brain and controls the amygdala

54
Q

Hippocampus

A

Memory structure of the brain

STM———LTM

55
Q

Frontal lobe

A

In Charge of motor control

56
Q

Parietal lobe

A

In charge of sensation

57
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Being able to see

58
Q

Temporal

A

In charge of hearing

59
Q

Psycophysics

A

The view of the real world and how we view it.

60
Q

Absolute threshold

A

The smallest amount of stimulus energy we can detect

61
Q

Difference threshold

A

The difference in the amount of stimulus we can distinguish

62
Q

Transduction

A

Changing energy to one form to another

63
Q

How does energy get coded?

A

The eyes code the information to send it through the neurons

64
Q

Soaticial anatomic

A

Different axons/neurons sending different information

65
Q

Retina

A

The sheet that uses photoreceptors that turn it into a membrane potential

66
Q

Light adaptions

A

Takes a couple of second to adapt because the photon energy breaks down the chemicals from dark adaptation

67
Q

Dark adaptation

A

20-30 min to adapt to a fully dark room

68
Q

Post synaptic potential

A

A voltage change at a receptor site on a cell memebrain

69
Q

Excitatory PSP

A

Increases the the likelihood of an action potential with a positive voltage shift

70
Q

Inhibitory PSP

A

A negative voltage drop that decreases the likelihood of an action potential

71
Q

What are two different types of coding?

A

Temporal and spacal

72
Q

Temporal coding

A

Intensity of a stimulus

73
Q

Spacal coding

A

Where a stimulus is going

Psych 101 (2 decks)

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