Exam 2 Nervous System

Question 1

Nervous vs Endocrine

Answer 1

Nervous system responds faster, within milliseconds.

Endocrine system is slower, within min, hrs, or days.

Question 2

Nerve cells

Answer 2

Neurons specialized to transmit impulses.

Question 3

Excitability

Answer 3

Ability to respond to a stimulus.

Question 4

Conductivity

Answer 4

Ability to transmit a signal.

Question 5

Neuroglia

Answer 5

Specialized cell that supports the neurons in some way.

Question 6

Central Nervous System

Answer 6

Consists of brain and spinal cord, surrounded by skull and vertebral column. Central control of body.

Question 7

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 7

All neural tissue outside of CNS. Divided into somatic and automatic.

Question 8

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

Answer 8

Composed of somatic afferent and somatic efferent divisions.

Question 9

Somatic Afferent (sensory) Division

Answer 9

Input. Receives sensory information and conveys it to spinal cord and brain, via nerves.

Question 10

Somatic Efferent (motor) division.

Answer 10

Output. Regulates contraction of skeletal muscles via neural pathways. Descends from brain and spinal cord to lower motor neurons.

Question 11

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Answer 11

Regulates internal organs. Has sensory neurons (viscera -> CNS) and motor neurons (CNS-> smooth muscle, glands, etc)

Question 12

Sympathetic division

Answer 12

Speeds the heartbeat. Fight or flight. Involve expenditure of energy.

Question 13

Parasympathetic division

Answer 13

Neurons that would slow the heartbeat. Neurons that restore and conserve body energy.

Question 14

Nervous System

Answer 14

One of the major regulatory systems.

In charge of homeostasis.

Question 15

Neurons

Answer 15

Very specialized functional unit.

Has cell body, dendrites, and an axon.

Question 16

Cell body

Answer 16

Large nucleus, with nucleolus, and several structures responsible for metabolism, growth, and repair of neurons.
ER, mito, golgi, lyso, neurofilaments, neurotubules.

Question 17

Neurotubules

Answer 17

Function in the intracellular transport of proteins and other substances. In both directions between cell body and ends of processes.

Question 18

Neurofilaments

Answer 18

Skeletal framework for the axon.

Question 19

Dendrites

Answer 19

Thread like extensions of the cell body. Conduct nerve impulses towards the cell body.

Question 20

Axons

Answer 20

Originates from axon hillock. Carries nerve impulses away from the cell body to the next neuron.

Question 21

Initial segment

Answer 21

Where the action potential begins. Lies immediately after the axon hillock.

Question 22

Collateral branchess

Answer 22

Side processes of Axons.

Question 23

Telodendria

Answer 23

Small axon branches, end in tiny swellings called end bulbs.

Question 24

Synapse

Answer 24

Chemical and electrical synapse. Junction between end bulb of one axon and the cell body, dendrite, axon of another neuron. Site where info is being transferred.

Question 25

Myelination of Axons

Answer 25

Axons are covered with layers of a lipid sheath called myelin.

Question 26

Neurolemmocyte (Schwann cells)

Answer 26

Form myelin sheaths around axons in PNS.

Question 27

Oligodendrocyte

Answer 27

Form myelin sheaths in the CNS.

Question 28

Neurilemma sheath

Answer 28

The outer layer of sheath.

Question 29

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 29

The gap that interrupts at regular intervals and segments the myelin sheath.

Question 30

Internode

Answer 30

Distance from one node to the next.

Question 31

Myelinated axon

Answer 31

Axon that has a myelin sheath.

Question 32

Unmyelinated axon

Answer 32

Axon that has no myelin sheath.

Question 33

Multipolar Neurons

Answer 33

Has many processes consisting of many dendrites and 1 axon.

Question 34

Bipolar Neurons

Answer 34

Has two processes: a dendrite and an axon which conducts action potentials to the CNS.

Question 35

Unipolar Neurons

Answer 35

Have 1 process, an axon.

Question 36

Interneurons (association) neurons

Answer 36

Lie between sensory and motor neurons in the neural pathways of the CNS.